Zinaida Smutchak

The impact of migratory processes on the demographic security of Ukraine is studied, in particular in the context of a full-scale war by russia and large-scale internal and external migrations. To achieve the set goal, statistical, economic, mathematical methods were used, in particular correlative and regressive analysis to assess the impact of migratory factors on demographic indicators; comparative methods to analyze migratory processes in Ukraine and countries where Ukrainians seek refuge. The article focuses on the falling birth rate, high mortality among military and civilians, a significant decrease in the number of young people and working-age people who leave abroad in search of better economic conditions. One of the key problems is the low birth rate, which is further worsened by the emigration of women of fertile age. The relationship between socio-economic factors, such as unemployment, wage rates and migratory processes is analyzed. Growing emigration leads to a "demographic hole", which threatens not only economic stability, but also the social structure of the country. The example of Poland, the Czech Republic, Georgia and other countries where Ukrainians leave shows how a change in demographic composition can affect economic processes. A model of the impact of migratory processes on the demographic development of Ukraine is proposed. The population of Ukraine may decrease to 25 million people by 2051 if effective measures are not taken to prevent migratory flows. The problems of demographic security require urgent and effective strategic measures to preserve human capital and ensure the sustainable development of the country.

The impact of migratory processes on the demographic security of Ukraine is studied, in particular in the context of a full-scale war by russia and large-scale internal and external migrations. To achieve the set goal, statistical, economic, mathematical methods were used, in particular correlative and regressive analysis to assess the impact of migratory factors on demographic indicators; comparative methods to analyze migratory processes in Ukraine and countries where Ukrainians seek refuge. The article focuses on the falling birth rate, high mortality among military and civilians, a significant decrease in the number of young people and working-age people who leave abroad in search of better economic conditions. One of the key problems is the low birth rate, which is further worsened by the emigration of women of fertile age. The relationship between socio-economic factors, such as unemployment, wage rates and migratory processes is analyzed. Growing emigration leads to a "demographic hole", which threatens not only economic stability, but also the social structure of the country. The example of Poland, the Czech Republic, Georgia and other countries where Ukrainians leave shows how a change in demographic composition can affect economic processes. A model of the impact of migratory processes on the demographic development of Ukraine is proposed. The population of Ukraine may decrease to 25 million people by 2051 if effective measures are not taken to prevent migratory flows. The problems of demographic security require urgent and effective strategic measures to preserve human capital and ensure the sustainable development of the country.

The disbalance in the labour market of Ukraine caused by the full-scale invasion of russia, large-scale migration, the decrease in the population and the deformation of the age structure is studied in the article On the one hand, there is an increase in the number of vacancies, which indicates the recovery of economic activity and the need of business personnel. On the other hand, there is a growing problem of a shortage of labour force due to the outflow of personnel as a result of military actions and the search for better life opportunities abroad. In the conditions of constant adaptation and changes caused by the state of war, the labour market in Ukraine in 2024 requires an increasing number of qualified workers and specialists. Changes in the economy, which occurred due to the destruction of production facilities, departure of Ukrainians abroad and displacement within the borders of Ukraine, only increase disparities in the labour market. The demographic crisis in Ukraine due to the full-scale war has only deepened, and Ukraine is already facing a number of demographic problems, from the drop in the birth rate to the formation of a gender disparity. The change in the number of the population and the median age of citizens of Ukraine until 2036 is characterized. Demographic (migratory) replacement is considered important as a method of attracting people from other countries; necessary for a balanced ratio on the labour market – those who are economically active and those who need care. Attention is focused on expanding opportunities to attract older people to the labour market and on creating special working conditions for this category of Ukrainians. The situation on the labour market directly depends on when the war will end and how the country will develop after it. If there is an economic boom, many migrants will return to Ukraine. With a different development of the economy, the opposite situation may arise: many families will be faced with the choice of where they will reunite after the lifting of restrictions on men's free travel abroad – in Ukraine or beyond.

Electronic technologies are developing rapidly in world commerce, therefore, organizations are created that effectively follow the aforementioned tendency and take an honourable place in world business with the efficiency of using electronic technologies.E-commerce refers to companies and individuals buying and selling goods and services over the Internet.It affects different types of market segments and extends to smart devices.Almost every imaginable product and service is available through E-commerce transactions, including books, music, airline tickets, and financial services such as stock investing and online banking.Through E-commerce, goods and services can be produced and then sold using the Internet.The future of Georgian business is developing in this direction, that's why it is necessary to constantly inspect the mentioned processes, Вісник післядипломної освіти.Вип.27(56) Серія «Соціальні та поведінкові науки»; Серія «Управління та адміністрування» (психол.053, екон.051, держ.управ.

As the centuries pass, global civilization continues to evolve, fostering the progress of globalization processes. Consequently, contemporary society witnesses the increasing convergence of social, economic, political, and demographic processes, which amplifies the significance of international economic activities among nations. Throughout the stages of civilizational development, trade and transportation relations between states have been of paramount importance. In today’s context, this is even more pronounced, as the transportation of goods, transit, and customs procedures serve as mechanisms for shaping economic, social, and political relations among nations. Furthermore, they support developing countries in establishing themselves within regional and international trade markets. Georgia is no exception. Historically, it was a significant part of the Silk Road, linking East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas. The strategic location of our country at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia plays a vital role in regional and international transportation and trade. Georgia acts as a key connector, bridging historically distinct Europe and Asia. Thus, Georgia’s transit corridor emerges as a crucial element of regional and international transport and trade networks. The primary aim of this scientific work is to determine Georgia’s importance as a major transit country in the context of significant socio-economic developments of recent years. The subject of this study is the current state of Georgia’s transit potential, including goods transported via transit and the role of the TIR carnet system in these processes. The object of research is Georgia’s transit corridor and its geo-economic realities. Georgia is actively developing transit infrastructure to further enhance its role as a regional and international transit hub. Its strategic location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, combined with ongoing infrastructure projects and efforts to improve transport connectivity, positions Georgia as a leading player in transit development. The country has established connections with neighboring states – Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey – as well as with major trading nations such as the United States, China, and Eastern European countries

The disbalance in the labour market of Ukraine caused by the full-scale invasion of russia, large-scale migration, the decrease in the population and the deformation of the age structure is studied in the article On the one hand, there is an increase in the number of vacancies, which indicates the recovery of economic activity and the need of business personnel. On the other hand, there is a growing problem of a shortage of labour force due to the outflow of personnel as a result of military actions and the search for better life opportunities abroad. In the conditions of constant adaptation and changes caused by the state of war, the labour market in Ukraine in 2024 requires an increasing number of qualified workers and specialists. Changes in the economy, which occurred due to the destruction of production facilities, departure of Ukrainians abroad and displacement within the borders of Ukraine, only increase disparities in the labour market. The demographic crisis in Ukraine due to the full-scale war has only deepened, and Ukraine is already facing a number of demographic problems, from the drop in the birth rate to the formation of a gender disparity. The change in the number of the population and the median age of citizens of Ukraine until 2036 is characterized. Demographic (migratory) replacement is considered important as a method of attracting people from other countries; necessary for a balanced ratio on the labour market – those who are economically active and those who need care. Attention is focused on expanding opportunities to attract older people to the labour market and on creating special working conditions for this category of Ukrainians. The situation on the labour market directly depends on when the war will end and how the country will develop after it. If there is an economic boom, many migrants will return to Ukraine. With a different development of the economy, the opposite situation may arise: many families will be faced with the choice of where they will reunite after the lifting of restrictions on men's free travel abroad – in Ukraine or beyond.

As the centuries pass, global civilization continues to evolve, fostering the progress of globalization processes. Consequently, contemporary society witnesses the increasing convergence of social, economic, political, and demographic processes, which amplifies the significance of international economic activities among nations. Throughout the stages of civilizational development, trade and transportation relations between states have been of paramount importance. In today’s context, this is even more pronounced, as the transportation of goods, transit, and customs procedures serve as mechanisms for shaping economic, social, and political relations among nations. Furthermore, they support developing countries in establishing themselves within regional and international trade markets. Georgia is no exception. Historically, it was a significant part of the Silk Road, linking East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas. The strategic location of our country at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia plays a vital role in regional and international transportation and trade. Georgia acts as a key connector, bridging historically distinct Europe and Asia. Thus, Georgia’s transit corridor emerges as a crucial element of regional and international transport and trade networks. The primary aim of this scientific work is to determine Georgia’s importance as a major transit country in the context of significant socio-economic developments of recent years. The subject of this study is the current state of Georgia’s transit potential, including goods transported via transit and the role of the TIR carnet system in these processes. The object of research is Georgia’s transit corridor and its geo-economic realities. Georgia is actively developing transit infrastructure to further enhance its role as a regional and international transit hub. Its strategic location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, combined with ongoing infrastructure projects and efforts to improve transport connectivity, positions Georgia as a leading player in transit development. The country has established connections with neighboring states – Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey – as well as with major trading nations such as the United States, China, and Eastern European countries

The article analyzes the ratings of international competitiveness of national economies during the Covid-19 pandemic.Negative and positive shifts in the economy due to the Covid-19 pandemic in developed and developing countries are indicated.It was found, that in developed economics there is a decrease in the level of competition in network and professional services, as well as deterioration in cooperation between companies.The main positive development was the prompt response of governments through the formation and implementation of appropriate policies to minimize the consequences of the Сovid-19 pandemic, namely through digitalization and improvement of digital skills.Business structures were able to establish cooperation and joint work based on the use of online platforms.It was noted, that countries, that had previously faced epidemics had more advanced action plans in case of a similar crisis, for example (Republic of Korea, Singapore).The place of countries in the Global Competitiveness Ranking (The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking), which is calculated according to the methodology of the leading European Institute of Management (Lausanne, Switzerland), is considered.It is noted, that under the international competitiveness of the country, the Institute understands the ability of the national economy to create and maintain an environment, in which competitive business emerges.Transformational processes in the world economy require decisive and quick actions from states and international organizations.The primary task is to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the international competitiveness of national economics and the effectiveness of national policies aimed at minimizing its negative consequences.Further development of the scientific and methodological approach to assessing Вісник післядипломної освіти.Вип.24(53) Серія «Соціальні та поведінкові науки » (психол.053, екон.

The article presents Georgia's export opportunities based on current situation and the background of current events in the world, specifically the Russia-Ukraine war. Due to war, the country faced a number of challenges and advantages that arose in terms of exports. Georgia's top 6 export goods and its importing countries are investigated, as well as how the country differentiated the market and increased the volume of exports during the war, exporting goods to countries that either did not import this level of volume or did not import specific goods at all. National and international statistical data are used to present the vectors in the analysis and perspective of modern reality, based on them, the share of different countries in the export dynamics of Georgia and also the peculiarities of the volume growth of the top 6 goods are studied. Georgia's export opportunities were revealed using indices, these indices examine the concentration and competitiveness of export goods in the world space.

The collective monograph is the result of the generalization of the conceptual work of scientists who consider current topics from such fields of knowledge as: management, management, technical sciences, law, ecology, information sciences and psychological sciences through the prism of international security studies. Content-functional lines and the key direction of the study of psycho- and sociogenesis of personality in age and pedagogical dimensions through the prism of revitalization are highlighted by each researcher in the context of the implementation of an individual sub-theme. For scientists, educational staff, PhD candidates, masters of educational institutions, university faculties, stakeholders, managers and employees of management bodies at various hierarchical levels, and for everyone, who is interested in current problems of management, technical sciences, law, ecology, information sciences and psychological sciences through the prism of international security studies.

The situation on the labour market of Ukraine is analyzed in the article.Significant changes in the functioning of the native labour market brought about by the full-scale war caused by russia are noted; today one of the main problems in the Ukrainian labour market is the professional and qualification imbalance and certain disproportions between the demand and supply of labour force.In particular, professional and regional disparities are deepening, which holds back the further recovery of employment; there is a problem of lack of qualified workers in private business, first of all.As a result of the economic upheavals, which are accompanied by large-scale internal displacement and refugee flows, there are huge losses of jobs and incomes.Attention is focused on determining the optimal mechanisms for regulating labor force mobility as a tool for regulating the labour market.The need for assistance to internally displaced persons in the near and long term was emphasized.It is currently impossible to accurately assess the international distribution of forced migrants from Ukraine, as migrants change their plans and country of destination, sometimes not even registering for temporary protection, but using the right to stay in EU countries for 90 days without registration.The role of education as a determining factor in the formation of human capital is noted, especially in conditions of unfavorable demographic development.A quality system of education, retraining and advanced training can help reduce labour shortages.Measures for the development of the workforce for the economic recovery and development of the country are proposed.The main condition for the return of refugees to Ukraine will be the availability of safe and attractive living conditions, ..26(55) ; (.053, .051, ..

Zinaida Smutchak E-mail: smutchakzv@gmail.com Doctor of economic sciences, professor, Educational and Scientific Institute of Management and Psychology of State Higher Educational Institution «University of Educational Management», Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-9227 Abstract: The article analyzes the demographic situation in Ukraine, which testified to the existence of a deep demographic crisis in Ukraine along with socio-economic problems. The low standard of living, political instability and difficult state conditions caused a dramatic shift in the country's demographic balance. Attention is paid to the problem of migratory activity of the population, in particular forced migration, as a factor influencing the indicators of the demographic situation in the country. Due to the full-scale war caused by russia, millions of women and children were forced to leave the country. It is worth noting, that many years, Ukraine was the main labour donor country for neighboring Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. The consequences for the economy of Ukraine are determined, as well as the main problems relevant for the labour market based on the results of a general analysis of demographic, statistical and analytical information. In any case, depopulation awaits Ukraine - regardless of whether the forced migrants return or not. This means that there will be a shortage of labour in Ukraine, and human capital will be lost. If nothing is changed, in a few years' time, there will be twice as many pensioners in Ukraine as there are working people. That is why the issue of demography should be a priority today and requires urgent measures. The strategy for overcoming the demographic crisis in Ukraine should primarily include two directions: the returning of Ukrainians home from forced emigration; maximum wide-scale work to restore the reproductive potential of the nation.

.Abstract. The article considers the essence of the concept of «emotional flexibility» and identifies its main elements and role in implementing management functions in banking institutions, particularly in decision-making. First, we substantiated the necessity of developing emotional flexibility to strengthen the functions performed by the leader. We established that the degree of development of this experience depends on how much the leader can act in a situation of uncertainty, quickly adapt to change, and find new opportunities and ways to make decisions. After all, in banking management, management decisions are pretty risky and challenging to predict because the financial sector is quite sensitive to socio-economic and political factors. Second, we characterized the mental models that guide any human activity. We consider the term «emotional flexibility of the leader» as a set of skills based on the ability to perceive their own emotions, label and understand them, and then consciously move forward. It also means recognizing stress and getting out of it, deciding how to act according to personal values and goals. Thus, we considered the categories that are the basis for the formation of emotional flexibility, namely: emotional self-awareness, the ability to manage emotions, the ability to control emotions, empathy, establishing and maintaining relationships effectively. We found that the developed emotional flexibility is inherent in leaders who can understand and direct their feelings, quickly identify subordinates’ emotions, and maintain effective social communication. Finally, we focused on the benefits of the developed emotional flexibility of the head of enterprises, institutions, organizations.The emotional flexibility of the leader lies in his conscious readiness to implement the emotional competencies necessary for the effective implementation of professional activities and solving social problems. This will contribute to professional development and personal development, the actualization of adaptive abilities, preservation of health and prevention of «professional burnout», harmonious functioning in society, life achievements. Constantly increasing the importance of the human factor requires additional research in emotional flexibility as another source of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of banking institutions.Keywords: emotional flexibility; emotional intelligence; human factor; leader; manager; management; banking management; decision making. JEL Classіfіcatіon G41 Formulas: 1; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 31.

The article reveals the situation in the Ukrainian labour market, which developed as a result of the full-scale Russian invasion and the associated with international migration.The main trends of the labour market are described.Today, on the Ukrainian labour market, the demand for labour significantly exceeds its supply.As a result of the economic upheavals, accompanied by large-scale internal displacement and refugee flows, there is a huge loss of jobs and income.The economic damages associated with human losses as a result of the armed aggression of the russian federation are characterized.Attention is paid to migration as a key factor affecting the labour market.The need for short-term and longterm assistance to refugees and migrants who left Ukraine and other forcibly displaced persons was emphasized.Directions for updating the employment policy of the post-war economy are proposed.Large-scale labor migration of Ukrainians brings significant benefits to the economy, because it becomes a mechanism for reducing the level of poverty, unemployment and financial burden on the state, as well as a stabilizer of the macroeconomic situation in the country.However, the mass outflow of workforce, and in connection with full-scale war and the mass outflow of refugees, puts under a threat to the post-war recovery of the country, after Вісник післядипломної освіти.Вип.21(50) Серія «Соціальні та поведінкові науки » (психол.053, екон.

The article examines the problem of ordering and integrating forced internal displacement into society.Attention is paid to the issue of integration of internally displaced persons into host communities.The importance of the integration of internally displaced persons into the host communities has been proven, and a mechanism has been developed to transform the potential of internally displaced persons into a resource for the development of the host community.As integration is a two-way process that requires steps both from the side of the internally displaced persons and from the authorities and the host community, the policies that are implemented in relation to the internally displaced persons are actually a measure not only of how easily the internally displaced persons will be able to integrate, but also to what extent the community is ready to accept migrants and see them as part of itself.A SWOT-analysis was conducted in order to determine the directions and approaches for the development of strategic management in the field of regulating forced migrants in Ukraine, as a result of which it was found that potential advantages and opportunities prevail, therefore, measures to regulate forced internal displacement are recommended to be implemented in the long term, implementing them in national and regional programs (that is, Вісник післядипломної освіти.Вип.22(51) Серія «Соціальні та поведінкові науки » (психол.053, екон.

The article reveals the essence of social entrepreneurship, describes the main stages of its development in Ukraine. The activity of social enterprises is beneficial for the macroeconomic development of each country, as this activity makes it possible to reduce part of government spending on solving the problems of socially disadvantaged people, their employment and social adaptation. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, social entrepreneurship has found itself in conditions of complete legal uncertainty. The crisis economic situation has created many challenges in the context of the sustainability of social enterprises, forced to reconsider existing business models, and in some cases to cease operations. The process of popularization of social entrepreneurship can be accelerated by conducting an active social and economic policy, considering its formation as an important independent direction of the policy of social and economic reforms. It is the increase in the activity of citizens through the creation of social enterprises, their cooperation with the authorities that will allow Ukraine to begin solving such an extremely important problem as building a welfare state and civil society.

РИНОК ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ Анотація.У статті визначено особливості функціонування ринку праці України за умов процесів цифровізації і віртуалізації, зумовлених становленням інформаційно-мережевої економіки.Саме внаслідок швидкого поширення роботизації, хмарних технологій, інтелектуальної автоматизації, нейротехнологій набувають інноваційного змісту різноманітні види трудової діяльності.Перехід до цифрової економіки суттєво змінює систему соціально-трудових відносин, безпосередньо ринок праці та сам процес праці.Охарактеризовано причини, що сприяють появі та стрімкому розвитку різноманітних форм нестандартної та нетипової зайнятості.Зазначено ключові тенденції, які будуть посилювати вплив на сферу зайнятості, та які формують відповідні вимоги до професійних знань, умінь та навичок працівника, його затребуваності на ринку праці.Наступність у розвитку професій, обумовленість виникнення нових виробничих функцій та нових професій трансформацією тих, що існували, дозволяє прогнозувати виникнення нових видів діяльності, появу певних компетенцій.Визначено перелік навичок, які, на думку роботодавців, набудуть популярності у найближчі роки.Нова парадигма передбачає навчання для всіх людей протягом усього життя.Така система освіти орієнтується не тільки на передачу знань та розвиток навичок, а й підтримку становлення людини як повноцінного учасника в усіх сферах свого життя.Увага акцентована на сценаріях розвитку цифрової економіки в Україні залежно від оцінки критичності та необхідності здійснення швидких та глибоких змін

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Abstract. The article describes the countries of the MID region. The Middle East is a diverse region affected by economic and political transformations, but with the potential for further growth. It has the advantage of a privileged geographical location. The definition and classification of hub airports is given. Ways to improve the air transport infrastructure of the countries of the MID region are substantiated. The positive consequences of improving the air transport infrastructure by creating hub airports at the main transit hubs of the MID region have been identified. The authors propose a favorable location of hub airports in the MID region. The algorithm for creating hub airports is displayed. The creation of hubs at major transport hubs is a priority for the development of air transport infrastructure in the MID region, as it is important to identify the factors that characterize the ability of the airport to become a hub; analysis of the extent to which the airport meets the factors, assessment of the potential of the hub according to these criteria; deciding exactly how the hub will develop; availability of a powerful "home" carrier; development, together with the airline, of connecting flights to some destinations; development and creation of a hub strategy; combining several market segments; choosing the type of airport according to the above characteristics; creating conditions that will suit the type, direction and needs of the airport, creating a comprehensive market assessment; selection of highly qualified personnel and creation of a training center, which determines the prospects for further research. Key words: aviation, hub airport, MID region, airport complex, aviation business, air and transport infrastructure.

This article aims to examine the role of innovations and liability of economic entities when setting up businesses in Ukraine’s current conditions, define the role, prospects and value of other business players during market analysis by the example of corporate game and designing of efficient tools for enhancing the speed of implementing an eco-friendly and technological business and its integration into global communities. Any activity enhances relations between economic entities and encourages the establishment of cooperations, groups, communities whose activities can be considered from the perspective of corporate games. It is found that social media development has resulted in consolidation of entrepreneurs and emergence of trends, which can be easier corrected externally and can increase the probability of eco-friendly business adoption. The model of corporate games has been substantiated, taking into account individual contributions to self-advancement and education, which facilitates higher liability and integration of innovations into businesses. The article describes tools for assessing the introduction of ecological business development that should be implemented by economic entities for comprehensive analysis of enterprise operations. Ukraine can increase the speed of building up innovative businesses while enhancing the liability of each entrepreneur and establishing cooperation that can be considered from the perspective of corporate game.

Migratory threats which are connected with mass internal inter-regional migrations, caused by the annexation of Crimea and military aggression in Donbas by Russia, have been disclosed in the article. The social-political and psychological threats of large-scale forced displacement are determined. Traditional migrations are mainly due to social-economic factors and the independent voluntary choice of participants in these processes regarding the intention to move, dictated by the freedom of choice of the person. Instead, forced displacements are caused by immediate threats to life and health. Analyzing the factors of migratory attraction, the cluster analysis was performed using the k-means method and using the STATISTICA program. The results of cluster analysis show that in large regions the level of IDP migratory activity is higher and the impact on the formation of demographic capital is more significant. It does not affect the number and composition of the population as a whole, but causes changes in its location, gender, and the age structure of the inhabitants of individual regions, is a consequence and an important factor of regional differences, directly related to industrialization and urbanization, rural depopulation. In terms of volume, internal migration significantly outperforms international migration. Measures for the proper formation and development of demographic potential at the macro level are proposed. Without proper regulation, forced displacement becomes a growing burden on host communities' ability to provide basic services, destroys civilian infrastructure and community cohesion, undermines public investment in reform, and creates insecurity, hopelessness, and despair among large populations that can easily become national and global risks.

The article is aimed at researching current challenges and threats, which have caused mass internal interregional migration of population in the certain regions of Ukraine, and also common approaches to studying the problems of settlement and employment of displaced persons and implementation of measures of the State migration policy concerning their solution. The extent and factors of mass interregional migration movements of the population of Ukraine, caused by annexation by the Russian Federation of Crimea and military aggression of Russia in Donbas are disclosed. The regional peculiarities of resettlement as well as methodological and practical aspects of improvement of management and regulation of intensive interregional forced migrations are considered. The measures of the State migration policy concerning the living arrangement and employment in regions of Ukraine of forcibly displaced persons, the ordering of migration space are characterized from the standpoint of national priorities and in view of prevention of migration threats to national security of Ukraine.