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The primary objective of the present study is to identify the asymmetric relationship between green finance, trade openness, and foreign direct investment with environmental sustainability. The existing research utilizes the asymmetric approach to evaluate annual data from 1980 to 2021. The findings of this study show heterogeneous results. Therefore, the outcomes of the study confirm the nonlinear (NARDL) association between the variables in Pakistan. Moreover, the study describes the positive shock of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a significant and positive relationship with environmental degradation, while the negative shock of FDI shows a negative and significant relationship with the environment. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the positive shock of green finance as a significant and negative relationship with environmental degradation; the negative shocks also show a negative relationship with environmental degradation in Pakistan. In addition, the consequences of the study suggest that the government should implement taxes on foreign investment and that investors should use renewable energy to produce goods. Furthermore, the results suggest that the government should utilize fiscal policy and fiscal funds to enhance carbon-free projects. Moreover, green securities should be used for green technologies. However, Pakistan can control its carbon emissions and achieve the target of a sustainable environment. Therefore, Pakistan’s government should stabilize its financial markets and introduce carbon-free projects. Furthermore, the main quantitative achievement according to the outcomes suggests that policymakers make policies in which they suggest to the government to control foreign investment that causes carbon emissions because of trade openness and also invest the funds in renewable energy, which helps to control the carbon emissions.
What is essentially innovation occurs at the level of social behavioural patterns, routines, practices and settings. An innovation is therefore social to the extent that, either conveyed by the market or the non-profit sector, it is socially accepted and widely diffused throughout the society or in certain societal sub-domains, transformed depending on circumstances and ultimately institutionalized as new social practices or routines emerge. The field of social innovation turns critical societal problems into opportunities by actively involving the community actors. In the last years, we have identified that in the international academic debate a discussion is evolving around a number of interconnected concepts which intrinsically include two apparently contradictory dimensions: social and economic. Among them, one of the most visible is the social entrepreneurship concept. Social economy organizations, representing the outputs of the social entrepreneurship process, are extensively innovating; both in terms of the organizational forms they developed and in the manner they perform managerial activities. They are solving in new and innovative ways the tasks of planning, organizing, leading, motivating and controlling resources and people in order to achieve effectively and efficiently their purpose and objectives, fundamentally connected to social needs. Our paper contributes to clarifying the relation between the two concepts of innovation and social innovation by exploring the “socializing” trend that is conditioning relevant economic concepts. Meantime, by revealing the historic background and generic definition of the social entrepreneurship concept, we are advocating for the social innovation dimension of the social entrepreneurship concept.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a relatively new concept, one that explains why certain individuals can adapt to different cultural contexts more efficiently than others. Using Earley & Ang's (2003) multidimensional concept as an analysis framework, this paper will study the intercultural intelligence among business students in Romania. We have chosen this research topic because we believe that the business students of today will become the global managers of tomorrow. Given that CQ is a multidimensional concept, this paper will analyze the answers for each of the four CQ dimensions, in order to identify which of the four capabilities is more or less developed among students. The final purpose is to understand the CQ components on which higher education should focus more. We wish to find educational solutions adapted to the actual needs of business graduates.
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the global landscape, introducing unprecedented levels of uncertainty that widely shaped the business environment and entrepreneurial intentions. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between key psychological factors that influence entrepreneurial intention and how they were affected during the pandemic, opening new avenues for potential young entrepreneurs. The study proposes a novel model incorporating self-efficacy, curiosity, and willingness to take risks, as crucial nexus in the evolving landscape of the knowledge economy. We also consider these factors to align with the framework of uncertainty management theory, representing a unique combination of individual characteristics that influence entrepreneurial intention to maximize the benefits arising from the pandemic crisis. Data obtained from 247 Romanian respondents were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Structural equation modeling was further employed to capture the direct, indirect, and total inferences among the constructs of our model. The findings highlight that individuals who combine curiosity with a willingness to take risks are more likely to foster entrepreneurial intention even in a crisis period. We found a significant but negative relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, a result that deserves deeper future investigations. At the same time, the article considers a series of demographic variables that have not been studied before to explain entrepreneurial intention. The results obtained are new and interesting and open up new avenues of study regarding the role of family, especially the mother (as part of social capital), in the entrepreneurial decision.
Purpose This article aims to delve into the connections between DNA, cultural intelligence (CQ) and knowledge dynamics (KD) as native ingredients of the global mindset of multicultural managers and leaders. Cognitive science and knowledge management researchers show that business process decision-making is not entirely rational, based on explicit knowledge. They depend on the dynamics of rational, emotional and spiritual knowledge fields and on the capacity to integrate those dynamics into cultural intelligence. Most business process management studies show that managerial competencies depend on native and educational components. The literature usually addresses the developing process of those competencies through educational programs and leaves a knowledge gap concerning their native ingredients. Design/methodology/approach We designed an integrated research approach containing a critical literature review, supported by a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and a quantitative analysis derived from questionnaires and their statistical processing using SPSS, version 28. Based on VOSviewer variant 1.6.20, the bibliometric approach is used to understand the intricate correlation between DNA, CQ and KD, while the quantitative analysis is rooted in a questionnaire’s results from a sample of 101 managers with cross-cultural experience. Findings The analysis reveals that DNA diversity can play a notable role as a vector and predictor of CQ and KD. The results demonstrate the connection between geo-genetic diversity, CQ and the ability to be effective in multicultural business environments. Furthermore, the study highlights the impact of DNA on knowledge dynamics, revealing how geo-genetic variations impact the transfer and transformation of knowledge within sociocultural contexts—with implications for organizational behavior and cross-cultural and multicultural management. Research limitations/implications This study may encounter limitations in establishing a direct and unique causal relationship between DNA, cultural intelligence and knowledge dynamics, as the complex interplay of various factors, such as individual experiences, social environment and education, could influence the interpretations of the findings. Additionally, generalizing the results across diverse populations would be challenging due to the potential ethnic and geographic variations in genetic and cultural contexts (Alexander et al., 2021). Also, for future research, we could reverse the process and measure a self-reported CQ before the DNA test in order to avoid any potential cultural bias or extended perception. Business process management within a multicultural environment is strongly nonlinear and more complex models should be developed to reveal the inner correlations between main constructs. Practical implications This research extends beyond academia into practical domains such as organizational behavior, cross-cultural and multicultural leadership, and sustainable business processes. Acknowledging the role of genetic diversity in these phenomena encourages further inquiry, prompting scholars and practitioners to investigate the organization’s concrete ways to increase creativity and innovation, adaptability and resilience toward successful navigation in the international business environment based on diversity, inclusion and global mindset. Social implications Comprehending the genetic underpinnings of cultural intelligence and knowledge dynamics has potential implications for various fields, such as education, cross-cultural communication and even policy-making. By acknowledging and harnessing the influence of genetic diversity in these domains, we aim to create more inclusive and opportunity-rich environments that foster intercultural learning and cooperation. We also aim to generate more sustainable business approaches based on flexibility, continuous learning and cultural adaptation. Originality/value Previous literature mainly concentrated on environmental and individual factors acting on CQ and KD; however, this study is focused on uncovering DNA’s influence on these concepts and topics. The originality of this study lies in challenging conventional views on CQ and KD by introducing genetic factors to understand individual differences. Recognizing the impact of diverse genetic roots on CQ and KD, this paper emphasizes values like respect for the culture and historical background, understanding others' values, diversity and inclusion, and learning and agilely adapting. These vectors are the foundation for modern business processes in multicultural environments.
The purpose of our study is to identify the linkage between national culture and the entrepreneurial intent for a specific demographic group. Thus, we set out to identify the differences induced by cultural context on the entrepreneurial intent of business administration bachelor students, from Romania and Iceland. The study is focused on underlining the motivations that can determine students to start their own businesses and analysing the extent to which the entrepreneurial motivations have cultural determinations (the classic model Hofstede dimensions). The method employed was a questionnaire-based survey, carried-out in both targeted countries. The independent sample t-test was used to identify the significant differences between the two groups of students. Based on the Hofstede's societal culture model (1980), the research calculates an indicator called cultural distance for four cultural dimensions: individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/femininity, in order to highlight national cultural influence on the entrepreneurial process. The results indicate that there are significant differences between Romanian and Icelandic students; however, these differences are not explained by the cultural distance calculated for the two groups.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the symphony orchestra as a living organism in a perpetual interaction with the volatility of the nowadays environment, as a symbiosis between the goods and the services provided by a symphony orchestra's activity. A description of the symphony orchestra's activity, with emphasize upon German orchestras (Kulturorchester), as dominators on the classical symphony orchestras’ market. This paper aims to present some of the mission statements, the goals, the good practices identified in symphony orchestras’ management, mostly German, the typical and well-known pattern that characterizes a musician, member of an orchestra, and to describe the characteristics of today's management. There is a special emphasis placed on the interdisciplinary activity and the collaboration with the educational institutions. The results consist of the identification of the multiple stakeholders, the opportunities and the threats, the best practices and the innovative aspects in today's management of a symphony orchestra. “Tradition is not the worship of ashes, but the preservation of fire” Gustav Mahler
This paper focuses on entrepreneurship issues, specifically entrepreneurial intention in Romania, country that according to Hofstede's 1980 model presents features that do not stimulate the propensity towards entrepreneurship. We believe that because the entrepreneur is very sensitive to its environment, he is affected by the institutional and cultural context of his countr y. The analysis was undertaken upon a specific group: 3rd year Management students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Timisoara. The results show that this group, through its socio-demographic profile and level of education, presents a different entrepreneurship profile than the one registered at a national level.
Nongovernmental non-profit organizations (NGOs) are becoming more and more prominent social actors in today's world. This coagulation and development of the nongovernmental sector, as an alternative to the market and public institutions, prompts the need for an analysis of the functionalities and eventual non-functionalities featuring their financing process. Our research method consisted of a combination of library and Internet searches for relevant materials, analysis of relevant information and of case study about Romanian situation. The results of our research described in this paper are the following, first an inventory of the main financial resource categories available to Romanian NGOs today. Second, we present an overview of the sources of financing accessible to these NGOs, including brief details of potential problems that might be encountered. Where relevant, we have included examples and data reflecting the current situation of these organizations in Romania, as the main country we have focused on. We have formulated the following conclusions referring to NGO's financing in relation to the assumed social task and their role in terms of coverage of social needs: first, though the need for funding, often they do not give enough importance to financial preparation of the proposed activities; second, NGOs have access to specific funding sources available just for NGOs. However, as in the case of public institutions or for profit companies, available resources are not sufficient to cover the assumed organizational task; third, they can address financing issues by specific methods, but methods used are not always adequate to pursue their funding objectives; fourth, NGOs act often in a rather emotional, intuitive manner, at the expense of a systematic planning process; fifth, they need a certain expertise in handling activities efficiently and effectively. However, we have identified that most of the time NGO's do not have sufficient internal resources or do not pay enough attention to developing necessary expertise by training their staff.
The activities of multinational companies (MNCs) in the host country are considered in scientific literature an element that is stimulating economic growth. This is the reason authorities of former communist countries attempted to stimulate the entry of foreign direct investments (FDI). This paper will focus on the effects of MNCs presence in the host country, mainly on the employment rate. This issue is important because, beginning with the change of the political regime, Romania has undergone a transformation of its productive structures. These changes were often accompanied by the reorganization of large state enterprises, which were old and oversized. It led to the discharge of a large number of their employees. In these conditions can one ask to what extent MNCs played a role in creating new jobs in Romania? In order to answer this question, we used the results of our survey, which used as subjects the French multinational companies established in Romania.
This paper discusses the results of a comparative research related to cultural intelligence (CQ) carried out for a sample of Romanian students of the same university from various fields of study. Cultural intelligence (CQ) is defined as the as individuals’ ability to act efficiently in different cultural contexts. Due to a significant growth of Internet-based communication, enabling virtual work teams, geographically and culturally dispersed (Stanko & Gibson , 2009), and to increased globalization over the past 20 years, the number of people who currently get in touch with other cultures has grown significantly (Eisenberg et al., 2013). In this context, it could be consider that developing cross - cultural competencies is useful, even necessary, for professionals in all fields, not only for current or future managers. Consequently, in order to better understanding students' CQ, we classified them into two distinct groups, management and non-management students, using Earley & Ang’s (2003) multidimensional concept as an analysis framework. Because CQ is a multidimensional concept, this paper will discuss the answers for each of the four CQ dimensions, in order to identify which of the four capabilities is more or less developed among students and which are the significant similarities and differences between the two groups of students. Taking into account that literature highlights the influence of crosscultural management academic courses on CQ (Eisenberg et al. 2013, Putranto et al., 2015; Ramsey & Lorentz, 2016), our main purpose is to understand differences/similarities between the two groups and consequently, adapting the university curricula to students' real needs related to developing their CQ. This paper discusses the results of a comparative research related to cultural intelligence (CQ) carried out for a sample of Romanian students of the same university from various fields of study. Cultural intelligence (CQ) is defined as the as individuals’ ability to act efficiently in different cultural contexts. Due to a significant growth of Internet-based communication, enabling virtual work teams, geographically and culturally dispersed (Stanko & Gibson , 2009), and to increased globalization over the past 20 years, the number of people who currently get in touch with other cultures has grown significantly (Eisenberg et al., 2013). In this context, it could be consider that developing cross - cultural competencies is useful, even necessary, for professionals in all fields, not only for current or future managers. Consequently, in order to better understanding students' CQ, we classified them into two distinct groups, management and non-management students, using Earley & Ang’s (2003) multidimensional concept as an analysis framework. Because CQ is a multidimensional concept, this paper will discuss the answers for each of the four CQ dimensions, in order to identify which of the four capabilities is more or less developed among students and which are the significant similarities and differences between the two groups of students. Taking into account that literature highlights the influence of crosscultural management academic courses on CQ (Eisenberg et al. 2013, Putranto et al., 2015; Ramsey & Lorentz, 2016), our main purpose is to understand differences/similarities between the two groups and consequently, adapting the university curricula to students' real needs related to developing their CQ.
This paper is discussing the issue of European cohesion based on a management approach. It describes the positioning of Romania on the European map of cultures, in order to identify the convergence and divergence of its societal culture with various European cultural clusters. The paper is arguing that: a) European organizations have a major role to play in the process of increasing cohesion within the European Union; b) Organizational Management and leadership are paramount to their success and to society welfare; c) Performant Intercultural Knowledge Management is needed for achieving the most out of European organizations; d) Intercultural teams are one of the most effective ways to reduce the current cohesion-less of EU at individual and organizational level.
Various phenomena generated by the new context of globalization have focused our research interest towards studying in what ways management of Intercultural Work teams (IWT) could and should contribute to the increase of their performance at work. Despite the recognition of the fact that many MNCs fail in the management of IWTs, there is still a significant knowledge gap about their non-functionalities. Managerial literature "blames" national and organizational culture differences for the failure of this process. This is because each member brings his own style of work, with his own way of ensuring effective cooperation, making difficult to identify a clear recipe of a team organization and management in intercultural context. Teamwork, managing work teams made the subject of numerous researchers from many fields, denoting so difficult exercise in practice. However, we have identified high performance IWTs whose members are from different countries. Therefore, we assume that their management identified and used methods and instruments able to ensuring IWT performance. If we look at international research, intercultural teams management models have a reductionist and not holistic approach, namely stochastic in terms of selection of specific cultural dimensions cultural models specific to the interest of the researcher. In contrast, in Romania, intercultural management and intercultural management teams performance is less studied. The research presented below is set up to be a part of a pilot study, an exploratory research of how intercultural management assigned dimensions are directly related to the concept of EIA performance dimensions assigned. Our assumption for the empirical research is the following: work team performance (effective, efficient, with a high degree of satisfaction of its members) is the result of application performance management in the context of a particular style of interaction specific team. Because the dependent variables were nominal variables, and due to small size of the sample (10 managers and 33 employees ), we applied "non-parametrical tests considered the only relevant tests" (Popa, 2008:214). The research is "degree of association", the independent and dependent variables of the same type. One more reason to choose this model of research is that we cannot claim a causal relationship, but the combination of variables that represent characteristics of a high performance team and not performance indicators. We will not venture to make judgments of causality based on done statistical tests.
Dans le contexte actuel de la globalisation, les investissements directs etrangers (IDE) dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale sont souvent percus comme un vecteur de croissance, une force dynamique capable de stimuler leur transition systemique. En meme temps force est de constater que les flux d'IDE se repartissent de facon inegale entre les pays de la zone qui se trouvaient pourtant dans des conditions semblables au depart. En etudiant les determinants de leur localisation, on s'apercoit que celle-ci depend des conditions necessaires prealables que les pays d'accueil devraient satisfaire (stabilites economique et institutionnelle, Etat de droit, liberalisme economique. . . ), ainsi que des orientations strategiques des investisseurs internationaux en quete de marches ou de ressources. Les determinants et les impacts des flux d'IDE sur l'economie receptrice font l'objet d'une litterature empirique abondante qui aboutit souvent a des resultats divergents. Le travail mene dans cette these, apres avoir cerne les typologies des determinants et des impacts des IDE presents dans cette litterature, s'interesse au cas particulier de la Roumanie a partir d'une enquete realisee aupres des firmes francaises installees dans ce pays.
La stabilité politique est un élément important pris en considération par les investisseurs qui veulent s’implanter à l’étranger, surtout lorsqu’ils envisagent s’installer dans un pays en développement ou en transition. Bien qu’une majorité d’études concluent à une corrélation négative entre le risque politique et les flux d’investissements directs étrangers (IDE) entrants, la relation entre la stabilité politique et les IDE n’est pas clairement établie. Certaines analyses aboutissent soit à l’absence de relation, soit à un changement de sens de la corrélation selon les périodes. Dans ce papier nous allons se concentrer sur le cas précis de la Roumanie, en présentant les résultats d’une enquête que nous avons effectuée sur 62 firmes françaises installées en Roumanie. Nous allons ainsi voir dans quelle mesure la stabilité politique a été importante dans le choix de la Roumanie comme pays d’implantation pour les firmes faisant partie de notre échantillon.
La liberalisation des entrees d’investissements directs etrangers (IDE) dans les pays d’Europe Centrale et orientale (PECO) represente pour ces anciennes economies communistes l’une des reformes les plus importantes, qui s’inscrit dans le sens des changements vers une economie de marche et de l’insertion au sein de l’économie mondiale. Les IDE dans ces pays ont été perçus comme porteurs d’effets potentiellement benefiques, comme un instrument susceptible d’introduire un comportement specifique a l’economie de marche, tout en ameliorant la qualite des facteurs de production locaux specialises a l’origine des avantages competitifs. Dans ce papier nous allons etudier l’impact exerce par la presence des firmes etrangeres sur l’evolution de la production en Roumanie. Avec les donnees statistiques dont ont dispose, notre analyse sectorielle nous indique que la mesure de l’impact des IDE sur la production en Roumanie s’avere delicate, en raison des caracteristiques liees a la transition, qui se traduisent par des declassements importants des capacites de production obsoletes.
Now, in this period characterized by serious financial crisis, with effects in all economy especially in the field of human resources, it requires that all businesses to gain a new perspective in the way to find new markets, new opportunities. The capacity of human resources manager to mobilize the creativity, energy and people's commitment can make the difference between survival or demise of a company. During the crisis, companies reassess their resources and redefine their performance. Today the basic words have become: responsibility, flexibility, performance and competence. In our opinion one of the solution for crisis is the strength of the team work. It' s proven that in calm periods, the attitude of an individual in a group is a distant one, while when a threat come from outside the group, the individual becomes instinctively closer to the other members, and appear the need to consolidate the team. Now, more than ever, people understand that the best that they can do is to be a team, to consider what can be build, strengthen and rebuild together. This paper work presents that recalibration of the performances is based on the concept of high performance team like a solution for crisis period. We give the arguments that the strength of the team work will make the difference between the companies.
The foreign direct investment (FDI) towards the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) opens us, in the current context of the globalization, a particularly rich field of research. Closed before 1990 for the foreign capital entries, the CEECs now attracts important volumes of FDI. Many governments from these countries offer important incentives to attract more FDI, motivated by the positive effects expected to rise on the local economy. This paper will concentrate on the Romanian case. There is large body of the literature who emphasize that institutional factors, like democracy, the political stability, the rule of law and the lack of corruption are important elements for foreign investors. By exploiting the results of our survey on the French firms installed in Romania, this paper try to analyze the role of these institutional factors for attracting the foreign firms in Romania.
Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) are currently attracting important flows of direct investments, after being closed to inflows of foreign capital before 1990. The governments of these countries have been multiplying measures and incentives for encouraging the presence of Multinational Companies (MNCs), during the past years. They are doing it because they consider this fact to represent an important growth vector. This current article will be focusing on Romanian situation. Statistical data indicate that Romania has attracted less foreign investments per inhabitant compared to the other countries in the region. Therefore, the article is aiming to analyze some of the strategies that are followed by companies intending to invest in foreign countries. We will analyze the strategic variables that have determined 62 French companies to invest and implant in Romania, based on the results of a specific survey we have conducted. The main conclusion is that the large majority of them were pursuing a “market seeking” strategy, and only a minority was pursuing a “search for resources” strategy.
The GLOBE project—Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviours Effectiveness — (House et al., 2004), is based at Wharton Business School in the United States. The project comprised 170 researchers in 62 soci-eties, and ran over an 11-year period. The project's objective was to determine the extent to which the practices and values of business leadership are universal, and the extent to which they are specific to just a few societies. In this chapter, GLOBE project data is used to examine the relationship between ethical issues and the characteristics of the ideal leader as identified by Romanian middle managers. The study aims to elucidate the cross-cultural management issues that may arise for foreign companies doing business in Romania or with Romanian businesses, particularly as regards ethical behaviours. First, we discuss Romania's ideal leadership profile in practice (as it is), then at value level (as it should be). Secondly, we analyse the GLOBE results in relation to the desired profile of the ideal leader. Finally, we discuss our findings, and formulate some conclusions and recommendations for international managers working in Romania.KeywordsEthical LeadershipPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceHumane OrientationGlobe ProjectThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
For Romania, European Integration came with new challenges for the entire society, especially for investment project promoters, including public higher education institutions. Investments in human capital development and education have an important role in a country’s economic development and growth but, in spite of the large number of human resources development public projects being financed, major problems were identified in their implementation process, particularly factors from the macro-economic and institutional environment. Most of the current interest in this area is centered on identifying and analyzing these key factors since their understanding might lead to ensuring an improvement of the implementation process and to a project’s success. In this context, our paper’s objective is to provide a set of critical success factors for HRD projects’ implementation process by developing a framework for external environment factors’ analysis from a public project management perspective. Taking into consideration the current impact of the external environment’ factors upon projects in Romania, in this paper we chose to focus our attention only on the critical success factors of the external socio-economic, institutional, technological and cultural environment, that affect the implementation phase of a project. We started with an analysis of the Romanian context that allowed us to develop a conceptual framework. We then realized a survey on a sample of three Romanian public universities which implemented projects in human capital development by developing and applying a questionnaire to 112 persons involved as management in projects in order to identify the key factors from the external environment that affect a project’s implementation process. Results show that the most significant factors, with a negative impact, are political and economical ones while technological and cultural factors are perceived as factors with a positive influence. Our conclusions have a high informational content and can be useful for those involved in policy making and building institutional capacity in terms of human resources development
L'intelligence culturelle (IC) est un concept assez nouveau, qui decrit la capacite d'un individu a agir efficacement dans differents contextes culturels. Ce concept est apparu comme une necessite, determinee par le fait qu’au cours des 20 dernieres annees, le nombre de personnes qui entrent en contact direct avec d'autres cultures a considerablement augmente (Eisenberg et al., 2013). En prenant comme cadre d’analyse le concept quadridimensionnel de l’IC, propose par Earley et Ang (2003), notre etude analyse le profil de l’IC des etudiants de deux pays, La Roumanie et le Maroc. Les donnees (N =362) pour cette etude ont ete recueillies a l'aide de questionnaires administres aux etudiants en economie et gestion, en Roumanie et au Maroc. Le but de l'etude est de realiser le profil de l’IC des etudiants et d'identifier les differences et les similarites significatives entre les deux groupes, en tenant compte des etudes recentes indiquant que l’IC varie d'un pays a l'autre (Alon et al, 2016).
This paper is discussing the issue of European cohesion based on a management approach. It describes the positioning of Romania on the European map of cultures, in order to identify the convergence and divergence of its societal culture with various European cultural clusters. The paper is arguing that: a) European organizations have a major role to play in the process of increasing cohesion within the European Union; b) Organizational Management and leadership are paramount to their success and to society welfare; c) Performant Intercultural Knowledge Management is needed for achieving the most out of European organizations; d) Intercultural teams are one of the most effective ways to reduce the current cohesion-less of EU at individual and organizational level.
This study intends to analyze the correlation between economic materialism and entrepreneurial intention in a sample of University students from Romania. In addition, the study attempts to identify the particularities of the Romanian culture in regards to materialism and its impact on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate the level of economic materialism in Romanian business students. The reliability analysis disclosed a lower inter item correlation in one of the materialism subscales, and the subsequent factor analysis found that two underlying factors account for the majority of the variance. Our result fits with previous research proposing that inconclusive factor analysis results prove that ‘materialism is culturally dependent” (Flynn et al, 2013, p.62). Scales developed in a Western culture should go through a process of cultural adaptation, in addition to the process of back translation, to ensure reliable results. These conclusions are valuable due to the scarcity in research on economic materialism and entrepreneurial intention in Romania.
Abstract The GLOBE project—Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviours Effectiveness — (House et al., 2004), is based at Wharton Business School in the United States. The project comprised 170 researchers in 62 soci-eties, and ran over an 11-year period. The project’s objective was to determine the extent to which the practices and values of business leadership are universal, and the extent to which they are specific to just a few societies. In this chapter, GLOBE project data is used to examine the relationship between ethical issues and the characteristics of the ideal leader as identified by Romanian middle managers. The study aims to elucidate the cross-cultural management issues that may arise for foreign companies doing business in Romania or with Romanian businesses, particularly as regards ethical behaviours. First, we discuss Romania’s ideal leadership profile in practice (as it is), then at value level (as it should be). Secondly, we analyse the GLOBE results in relation to the desired profile of the ideal leader. Finally, we discuss our findings, and formulate some conclusions and recommendations for international managers working in Romania.
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Abstract This study examines the behaviours (attitudes) of opera (lyric theatre) consumers in Romania towards online performances during the COVID period. The objectives of our study are the following: 1. to identify how lyrical theatre consumers (opera) perceived online performances during the COVID period; 2. to identify the relationship between socio-demographic and professional-artistic variables (age, studies, self-identification as classical music enthusiast, self-identification as an opera music enthusiast) of lyrical theatre (opera) consumers with their perception/opinions regarding online shows) . The study employs a cross-sectional, non-experimental design and uses a survey-based questionnaire approach. A total of 214 respondents participated in the study, of whom 142 (89.7%) were female and 72 (33.6%) were male. Of the 214 participants, 192 (66.4%) came from urban areas and 22 (10.3%) from rural areas. The questionnaire was distributed online via Google Forms, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. The results are discussed with reference to similar results reported in national and international studies. From an academic perspective, this article enriches the current understanding of the behaviour of Romanian lyrical (opera) consumers towards online performances in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic and can be a tool of specific guidelines for managers, regarding a systematic adaptation of their business models in crisis situations.
ABSTRACT Understanding elements that drive ethical consumer (EC) behaviors has emerged as a crucial field of research in the present context, dominated by raising the importance of environmental issues. The key role of this inquiry is to deepen the understanding of the complex factors that determine EC. Survey data collected from 537 respondents working in agricultural firms in China were used in order to analyze under which conditions an individual's perception of a firm's efforts toward green actions (like corporate social responsibilities (CSR) and green marketing) affects EC behavior. Moreover, the mediating role of CSR practices and the strengthening effect of green marketing for environmental knowledge (EK) and the EC link have also been tested. The results indicate a positive direction between EK and EC. Furthermore, CSR practices were found to mediate this relationship, and green marketing was found to strengthen the correlation. These findings enable the understanding of the intricate connections between the analyzed variables and add to the body of literature important insights about EC determinants. Findings highlight the significance of environmental learning, successful and visible CSR practices, and green marketing efforts as powerful tools to increase the EC of employees.
Guided by Entrepreneurial Event Theory (EET), we analysed survey data from 179 engineering students at Xi’an Jiaotong‑Liverpool University’s Entrepreneur College (Taicang) to identify what drives entrepreneurial intention (EI). Interest in entrepreneurship and epistemic curiosity (EC) emerged as the strongest predictors, with EC partially mediating the pathway from both entrepreneurial interest and perceived organisational valuing of creativity (POVC) to EI. Counter-intuitively, higher family income predicted lower EI, challenging resource-based assumptions. The model explains 42.2% of the variance in EI, consistent with prior research. Findings suggest that entrepreneurship programmes should prioritise curiosity-driven, creativity-supportive learning environments and tailor support to students' socioeconomic backgrounds. By positioning EC as a cognitive catalyst and highlighting the nuanced role of income, the study extends EET and clarifies how demographic, attitudinal, and contextual factors interact within China’s pro-innovation landscape.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) plays a critical role in the tourism and hospitality industry, where cross-cultural interaction is inevitable. Studies on CQ are increasingly prevalent in the tourism and hospitality industry, as in other fields, but no study provides a quantitative overview of relevant publications in this field. To address this gap, this study uses bibliometric analysis to identify the evolution of CQ-related research in the tourism and hospitality industry and to suggest avenues for future research in this area. We used a sample of 72 articles published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases for analysis. The analysis results show that the most frequently used keywords by researchers are performance, motivation, leadership, customer satisfaction, diversity, and communication. China, the United States (US), and South Korea were found to be the leading countries in this field. The Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sustainability, and The Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism are the most productive journals. This article demonstrates that CQ is a current and critical issue in the tourism and hospitality industry and that future research on this topic is warranted. This article makes a significant contribution to the current literature on CQ in the tourism and hospitality industry through bibliometric analysis and identifies future research for scholars.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) plays a critical role in the tourism and hospitality industry, where cross-cultural interaction is inevitable. Studies on CQ are increasingly prevalent in the tourism and hospitality industry, as in other fields, but no study provides a quantitative overview of relevant publications in this field. To address this gap, this study uses bibliometric analysis to identify the evolution of CQ-related research in the tourism and hospitality industry and to suggest avenues for future research in this area. We used a sample of 72 articles published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases for analysis. The analysis results show that the most frequently used keywords by researchers are performance, motivation, leadership, customer satisfaction, diversity, and communication. China, the United States (US), and South Korea were found to be the leading countries in this field. The Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sustainability, and The Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism are the most productive journals. This article demonstrates that CQ is a current and critical issue in the tourism and hospitality industry and that future research on this topic is warranted. This article makes a significant contribution to the current literature on CQ in the tourism and hospitality industry through bibliometric analysis and identifies future research for scholars.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) plays a critical role in the tourism and hospitality industry, where cross-cultural interaction is inevitable. Studies on CQ are increasingly prevalent in the tourism and hospitality industry, as in other fields, but no study provides a quantitative overview of relevant publications in this field. To address this gap, this study uses bibliometric analysis to identify the evolution of CQ-related research in the tourism and hospitality industry and to suggest avenues for future research in this area. We used a sample of 72 articles published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases for analysis. The analysis results show that the most frequently used keywords by researchers are performance, motivation, leadership, customer satisfaction, diversity, and communication. China, the United States (US), and South Korea were found to be the leading countries in this field. The Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sustainability, and The Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism are the most productive journals. This article demonstrates that CQ is a current and critical issue in the tourism and hospitality industry and that future research on this topic is warranted. This article makes a significant contribution to the current literature on CQ in the tourism and hospitality industry through bibliometric analysis and identifies future research for scholars.
The paper examines global interlinkages among the level of municipal waste generation and the representative socio-economic, technological, and innovation factors at the level of the European Union countries. Further, we realize a hierarchical clustering of the European Union member states according to similar characteristics regarding the level of municipal waste generation, jointly with these representative socio-economic and technological factors, in order to propose adequate solutions for lower-performing states. The data covers the 2006-2021 lapse of time, and the research methodology is based on two advanced methods, namely network analysis performed through Gaussian graphical models and cluster analysis performed by the Ward method. The results highlight that the analysis only of municipal waste generation level, without other socio-economic benchmarks, would not be conclusive, as there are developed states with high levels of municipal waste generation, as well as developing countries with waste generation above the EU.
Despite decades of research on personality and cultural intelligence that support expatriate success, knowledge of the interdependencies of personality and cultural intelligence for explaining expatriate job performance remains nascent. Based on the configurational perspective, we used the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 62 expatriates to examine the impact of the Big Five personality traits and cultural intelligence dimensions on job performance. The findings showed that three different configurations, in which the Big Five personality traits and CQ dimensions complement each other, explain high levels of expatriate job performance. This study provides a better understanding of the Big Five personality traits and cultural intelligence as causal conditions for a high level of expatriate job performance and enriches the relevant literature. The findings are discussed in relation to theories and practices.
