Blockchain technology is an emerging technology useful to provide innovative solutions in various sectors. The real world uses cases of blockchain technology such as faster cross-border payments, identity management, crypto currencies, smart contracts, and supply chain-blockchain technology are here to stay and have become the next innovation just like internet. There have been attempts to formulate and introduce digital money, but they have not been successful due to security and trust issues. Blockchain has moved past crypto currency and discovered implementations in other real-life applications; this is where we can expect blockchain technology to be simplified and not remain a complex concept. Blockchain technology's desirable characteristics are decentralization, integrity, immutability, verification, fault tolerance, anonymity, audibility, and transparency. The present chapter aims to investigate the applications, trends, and benefits in a real-world environment. This chapter presents a detailed review of blockchain technology, the benefits, and its applications in different fields.
Introduction: Skills are vital for the survival of an organisation to meet its objectives through producing goods and services. Due to their importance, they are among the sought-after aspects of employment. However, organisations need more skilled employees to bridge the gaps due to disruptions, shifts in consumer demands and needs, and transformations in the global world.Purpose of the Study: This study aims to identify various skill gap in talent, competencies, and experience emerging in the hospitality sector. It will also present some challenges to the hospitality sector that faces due to the skill gap identified.Industrial and Academic Justification of the Study: The study examines the needs and challenges from academic and industry perspectives. Hence, it provides significance for academics and industry to apply the findings to address skill gap.Research Gap: Previous research has focused on different aspects of skills in other countries. This study will look at the issue globally and the recent trends emerging from disruptions and shifts in consumer behaviour.Results and Findings: Though the study is ongoing, the findings show that specific skill gap exist, particularly in emerging technologies, digitisation, data, robotics, and various job openings from different countries' perspectives, hospitality, and the tourism industry.Practical Implications: The findings have implications for the tourism and hospitality industry as a whole, as well as individual organisations. The tourism and hospitality industry should apply these suggestions, such as operational skills, digital skills, and interpersonal skills in various sections of tourism and hospitality organisations
The chapter identifies marketing strategies adopted by Nigerian tourism organisations, destinations and managers during and after the coronavirus pandemic to enable them recover from this economic shock. SWOT analysis is employed to assess the internal and external environments of Nigerian tourism organisations in order to suggest the right marketing strategies for recovery. The chapter reveals new innovations, tools and marketing strategies employed by various governments, universities, agencies, tourism firms and marketing organisations during the pandemic periods through collaboration. Specifically, the marketing strategies employed by tourism and hospitality firms in Nigeria are highlighted.
Energy has been a vital resource in our daily lives and, simultaneously, one of the worldwide main problems. However, energy is an essential resource in almost everything in our daily lives, ranging from transportation, cooking, warming residential places, electronics, factories, schools, banks, etc. The most popular forms of energy used are from biofuels, which pollute the environment and cause some hazards to humans and plants, in the states of coal, oil and gas, nuclear, and so on. Due to these concerns, a new form of energy is needed that is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and more sustainable. With the various types of research carried out across the globe, different forms of energy were identified and tested: solar, wind, reusable batteries, etc. Various research institutions, organizations, multinational organizations, and companies are embarking on research to find meaningful solutions to the problems. None has been shown to hold much promise like the green hydrogen (GH). Against this backdrop, this research will be conducted to show how much potential it holds.
The history of China's tourism begins with the period it opened up its door to the outside world following its closure after the Revolution. Tourism started to gain ground gradually up to the time of Xi Jin Pin which saw the rapid development in international tourism. China has become a large market segment for the international tourism industry; many international tourism destinations are tapping it for many years while some emerging destinations are yet to harness and exploit it. This is a conceptual study that investigates the historical evolution, growth and development of China's outbound tourism market to date; to reflect on the factors responsible for its growth, its size, politics, the COVID-19 and the Chinese outbound tourists' expectations at destinations as well as future scenario being a large source market. The chapter makes use of the previous research findings on the subject matter to support any argument presented as well as bridging any research gap identified. Some strategies are recommended for the future recovery of the market in the tourism industry.
Artificial intelligence is a global technological phenomenon with a wide range of possibilities to be applied in almost all areas of human life. It simplifies and makes tasks more manageable, thereby destroying many jobs across the globe. However, the current literature on the subject highlights various challenges and new areas of its application. The primary purpose of the research is to explore, through several types of literature, the current issues on artificial intelligence, prospects, and challenges in the daily lives of human beings. The study will present the options for AI applications to make life convenient and identify how and where the technology could be applied in addition to its current application in different areas of human life. In addition, it will add to the body of growing literature on the subject, which scholars and students will find helpful. The study shows that multiple technologies (AI with others could be integrated) provide synergy and convenience to get a competitive edge in the industry.
Tourism has been observed as one of the biggest economic sectors in the service industry, which has significant social, cultural, environmental, and economic effects. Pilgrimage tourism is identified to be one of the prerequisites of sustainable tourism development which has the potential to reduce the effects of tourism. The present study aims to identify the potential of pilgrimage tourism in the state of Punjab (India), which has been an emerging tourist spot, due to its magnificently diverse religious tourist potential and rich cultural heritage. The purpose of the study is the assessment of tourist areas, highlighting the factors creating interruptions in sustainable tourism development and further suggesting suitable measures for the sustainable development of pilgrimage tourism in Punjab. A field-based survey was carried out at selected tourism spots in the study area. The result of the study brings feasible suggestions and recommendations for further development of tourism in this region.
Globally, food preparations and its consumption, including its service, has transformed into a new science (culinary science in catering studies) and tradition (culinary tourism), which is evolving to transform not only communities, but a whole country or region at large. Due to the fusion of cultures, particularly the Western culture into the local cultures or tradition, many local cultures are influenced, both positively and negatively – thereby affecting, or dominating the host or local culture. This leads to compromise of the host food/culinary culture by adopting, or at least incorporating the foreign or dominant food culture, leading to influence of the foreign food culture into the local/traditional culture. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify the threats faced by the local or traditional recipes; present the strategies needed to preserve the local recipes for future generations in addition to tourism potentials; and how they are used to help transform the immediate communities at large.
