Prof. Khalid Z. Elwakeel, who holds a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry, is a professor of Physical and Environmental Chemistry at the University of Jeddah. With over 100 research articles published in international journals and four books to his credit, he is an active contributor to the scientific community. Additionally, Dr. Elwakeel serves as a reviewer and editorial board member for several international journals. He has reviewed more than 1,500 research papers for over 160 leading journals in the field of chemical and environmental research.
Beyond his academic and research achievements, Dr. Elwakeel has hands-on experience working with both private and governmental drinking water companies. He spent four years as an inspector for the Egyptian Water and Wastewater Regulatory Agency, overseeing drinking water quality and the efficiency of treatment processes.
Prof. Elwakeel’s contributions to science and environmental management have earned him several prestigious awards, including: (i) the Award of the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia for environmental management in the Islamic world in October 2017 (the first prize under the category “Best research” (ISESCO); (ii) The Egyptian Order of Distinction (first class) awarded by the President of Egypt in 2017 for his scientific achievements; (iii) The Egyptian State Encouragement Award in Chemical Sciences (Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt) 2014; (iv) The Misr El-Kheir Award for the best publication, 2013 (Egypt); and (v) the Award of professor, Dr. Faiza Al-Kharafi in the field of basic science, 2010 (Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt).
Over the past 25 years I have developed significant expertise in creating new materials for the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Throughout this time I have consistently utilized advanced analytical techniques including XRD SEM BET and FTIR to systematically characterize these materials. To date I have published 105 research papers 70 of which have appeared in top-tier Q1 journals (Top 10%). Detailed information is provided later in this document. I earned my Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry with a thesis entitled: "Studies on the application of some chitosan resins for the adsorption of precious elements and some pollutants from their aqueous solutions " which laid the foundation for much of my subsequent research.
Abstract Chitosan is a polysaccharide formed mainly from repeating residues of D-glucosamine, having primary amino groups. It is of great interest not only as an underutilized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at chitosan application in water technology based on (a) its ability to bind toxic pollutants, (b) the mod of chitosan modification, (c) the nature of the interaction of chitosan with different pollutants, and (d) chitosan regeneration and recycling. Keywords: Adsorptionchelating resinschitosan environmental application Acknowledgments The author is grateful to his wife, Eng. Hanady K. Yassin, for her moral support.
Metal/mineral-incorporating materials for toxic Cr(<sc>vi</sc>) removal.
Hydrogen is regarded as one of the utmost competent alternative fuels in the transition to net-zero emissions for the future. Nowadays, it is still majorly derived from non-renewable energy resources (i.e., fossil fuels). Regrettably, a key issue for the reliance on these depleted resources is the extremely negative impacts on our milieu. The emergence of envisioned biomass-to-sustainable H2 strategy is viewed as an appealing opportunity to generate a sustainable strategic H2. This review article summarizes the patented approaches (thermochemical, biological, and electrochemical) for H2 production from an enticing raw material of biomass. The optimization of different prominent parameters to achieve the eventual easiest way for H2 production was additionally discussed. The advancement in different operational parameters, technical challenges, and scalable improvement of each pathway was briefly addressed. Moreover, the contemporary economic viewpoints on the bankable biomass-to-H2 processes flow diagrams in terms of the circular economy were additionally highlighted in order to effectively value the biomass supply chains to produce H2. Hopefully, this work presents a more favorable theoretical in-depth mechanistic understanding of the bio-sourced hydrogen's different production pathways.
The development of new materials is needed to address the environmental challenges of wastewater treatment. The phosphorylation of guar gum combined with its association to chitosan allows preparing an efficient sorbent for the removal of U(VI) from slightly acidic solutions. The incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles enhances solid/liquid. Functional groups are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy while textural properties are qualified by N2 adsorption. The optimum pH is close to 4 (deprotonation of amine and phosphonate groups). Uptake kinetics are fast (60 min of contact), fitted by a pseudo-first order rate equation. Maximum sorption capacities are close to 1.28 and 1.16 mmol U g−1 (non-magnetic and magnetic, respectively), while the sorption isotherms are fitted by Langmuir equation. Uranyl desorption (using 0.2 M HCl solutions) is achieved within 20–30 min; the sorbents can be recycled for at least five cycles (5–6% loss in sorption performance, complete desorption). In multi-component solutions, the sorbents show marked preference for U(VI) and Nd(III) over alkali-earth metals and Si(IV). The zone of exclusion method shows that magnetic sorbent has antibacterial effects against both Gram+ and Gram- bacteria, contrary to non-magnetic material (only Gram+ bacteria). The magnetic composite is highly promising as antimicrobial support and for recovery of valuable metals.
The adsorption of crystal violet (CV) dye onto magnetic alginate (MAlg) composite from aqueous solutions was studied. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time, dosage, temperature, pH, and CV concentration in the solutions. Optimum CV uptake was observed at equilibrium pH 7 and most of the CV was sorbed within 30 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using two common adsorption models: Langmuir and Freundlich. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm fit the experimental results well. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm equation was 0.113 mmol g −1 at 298 ± 1 K. The kinetics adsorption of CV onto MAlg composite was investigated using the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models. The results showed that the adsorption of CV onto MAlg composite followed pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption process is an endothermic and spontaneous reaction. Due to its outstanding adsorption capacities, MAlg composite is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of CV. The composite regeneration was greater than 98.6% with 0.01 mol/L HCl, and MAlg composite could be repeatedly utilized for CV removal with negligible loss in sorption capacity.
Over the past few decades, polymers have been extensively employed in various sectors attributed to their exceptional properties. The presence of vast quantities of non-degradable polymers in the environment, in addition to industrial effluents, has become one of the serious global issues. The chemically sourced polymers/composites are potentially hazardous to the biosphere due to their slow degradation mechanism. Currently, there is a growing interest in geopolymers as upcoming competitors over synthetic polymers, efficaciously extracted from natural resources. These environment-substitutes geopolymers are exceptionally beneficial in environmental applications, particularly wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, this review article comprehensively discusses the synthesis of geopolymers/composites from different precursors. The most prevalent analytical methods used to characterize geopolymers are discussed to get insights into their physico-chemical characteristics. Moreover, the potential of different wastewater treatment technologies using geopolymers-based materials (i.e., adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, membrane filtration, and solidification/stabilization pathway) is briefly discussed to highlight the developments in the engineering treatment processes. Furthermore, the circular economy model framework proposes potential approaches to applying circular economy principles in the wastewater management sector. Overall, geopolymers can be considered as promising materials, making strides in cutting down the dependency on non-degradable polymers in wastewater remediation.
Chitosan, glycidyl methacrylate (synthetic polymer) and magnetite are combined to produce novel magnetic macro-reticular hybrid synthetic–natural materials which are shown to be effective sorbents for RBBR ions.
Dyes have been found in industrial effluents, highlighting the need for effective treatment. CS and GMA derivatives have good water-purification properties, and they can be utilized to clean wastewater effectively.
The necessity of decontaminating effluents for the dual purpose of environmental beneficiation and valorization of low-grade resources is driving the development of new sorbents. The functionalization of biopolymers is a promising strategy for improving sorption performance. Incorporating magnetic micro-particles offers an opportunity for the facilitated recovery of spent micron-size sorbent. Combining magnetic facilities and biopolymer functionalization represents a winning strategy. Magnetic glycine-grafted chitosan (G@MChs) was synthesized for the sorption of Ni(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) before being applied to the removal of hazardous and strategic metals from tailing leachates. The sorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, before and after metal sorption. The acid–base properties of functionalized sorbent were also determined (pHPZC). Uptake kinetics were studied in mono- and multi-component solutions using different equations for kinetic modeling at optimized pH (i.e., pH0: 5.5). Langmuir and Sips equations were applied to model sorption isotherms in single-component solutions. In addition, sorption isotherms in multi-component solutions were used to evaluate the preference for selected metals. Maximum sorption capacities were 0.35 mmol Hg g−1, 0.47 mmol Zn g−1, and 0.50 mmol Ni g−1. Acidified urea solution (pH 2.7) successfully desorbs metal ions from G@MChs (desorption > 90%). The sorbent was tested for the recovery of hazardous and strategic metal ions from acidic leachates of tailings. This study demonstrates the promising performance of G@MChs for the treatment of complex metal-bearing solutions.
Preparation of novel nanosphere material for efficient capture of toxic substances. The nanosphere material was systematically investigated for the capture of a toxic substance. The material displayed high sensitivity with high adsorption efficiency.
Magnetic sorbent microgranules with magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) core and glycidyl methacrylate/<italic>N,N</italic>′-methylenebisacrylamide shell were prepared. The sorbent was tested for Acid Yellow 99 dye removal from aqueous solution.
The modification of the Tetraselmis sp. algae material (Tetra-Alg) with surfactant Cethyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) yielded adsorbent Tetra-Alg-CTAB as an adsorbent of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) solutions. The characterization of the adsorbent used an infrared (IR) spectrometer to identify functional groups and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX FEI Inspect-S50, Midland, ON, Canada) to determine the surface morphology and elemental composition. Methyl orange and methylene blue adsorption on the adsorbent Tetra-Alg, Tetraselmis sp. algae-modified Na+ ions (Tetra-Alg-Na), and Tetra-Alg-CTAB were studied, including variations in pH, contact time, concentration, and reuse of adsorbents. The adsorption of MO and MB by Tetra-Alg-CTAB at pH 10, during a contact time of 90 min, and at a concentration of 250 mg L−1 resulted in MO and MB being absorbed in the amounts of 128.369 and 51.013 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of MO and MB and Tetra-Alg, Tetra-Alg-Na, and Tetra-Alg-CTAB tend to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics models and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with each correlation coefficient value (R2) approaching 1. Due to the modification with the cationic surfactant CTAB, anionic dyes can be strongly sorbed in alkaline pH due to strong electrostatic attraction, while MB is more likely to involve cation exchange and hydrogen bonding. The reuse of Tetra-Alg-CTAB was carried out four times with adsorption percent > 70%, and the adsorbent was very effective in the adsorption of anionic dyes such as MO.
Harnessing coastal biowaste for dual valorization in water treatment and biofuel production holds paramount importance for sustainability and resource challenges. This study investigated the potential of engineered composite (CABC) derived from coastal biowaste-based materials for tetracycline (TC) removal and biomethane production. High-yield calcium carbonate (CaCO
In today's world, the proliferation of electronic devices has led to a significant increase in electronic waste (e-waste) generation, necessitating the development of innovative approaches for sustainable management. E-waste recycling, which involves the recovery of valuable materials from discarded electronic devices, has emerged as a promising solution to the growing e-waste problem. This article presents an analysis of the current state of research on e-waste management, encompassing various recycling approaches, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The analysis revealed that most of the research on e-waste management has focused on the development of recycling technologies, with a significant emphasis on the use of chemical methods. However, there is a growing interest in the use of biological methods, such as bioreactors and microbial technologies, for e-waste management. Many challenges including lack of uniform regulations, inadequate infrastructure, and high cost of recycling technologies were initiated. The formation of product reuse through remanufacturing, and the deployment of effective recycling facilities are necessary for the management of e-waste. The challenge is to develop innovative and cost-effective solutions to e-waste management (plastic-based e-waste and metals-based e-waste). Several technologies are currently applied to plastic-based e-waste and metals-based e-waste management. primary, secondary, and tertiary recycling of plastic-based e-waste and metallurgical approaches for metals-based e-waste are ideal methods for e-waste management. Furthermore, the techno-economic feasibility of different e-waste recycling approaches was estimated. The analysis suggests that while some recycling approaches are economically viable, there is a need for more research to optimize the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these methods.
Magnetic chitosan was prepared by co-precipitation with polymeric Schiff's base resulting from the reaction of thiourea with glutaraldehyde. This material has great potential as high-effective sorbent for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR): maximum sorption capacity reached 0.441 mmol g−1 at pH 1.6 and at 25°C. Kinetic plots, pH dependence, isotherm data, and influences of ionic strength were reported. The data from equilibrium sorption experiments are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order sorption kinetics indicates that chemisorption controls the process. The distribution coefficient was calculated at different temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters have been calculated: the sorption reaction is endothermic, spontaneous, and increases the entropy of the system. Alkaline solution (0.5 M NaOH) was used for desorbing RBBR from loaded sorbent. The sorbent exhibited good regenerability over several repeated adsorption/desorption cycles.
Thermally treated egg shell materials were prepared at different temperatures. The samples were investigated by means of FT-IR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption behaviour of malathion on egg shell and its thermally treated samples was studied using batch method and gave uptake capacities up to 0.964 mmol/g. Adsorption kinetics as well as the adsorption isotherms were discussed. Regeneration of the loaded adsorbent beads towards the successive cycles was also clarified. The adsorption of malathion is maintained untill the third cycle without a significant activity loss.
Magnetic alginate beads are potential biosorbent for sorption of lanthanum(III) from an aqueous medium. Batch experiments were carried out to study the equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of lanthanum sorption. The effects of initial solution pH, initial lanthanum concentration, and temperature on lanthanum sorption were investigated. The optimum pH value was defined to be 4. Kinetic and isotherm experiments were carried out at the optimum pH. It was enough to reach the adsorption equilibrium at 4 hours, and the maximum uptake capacity was (1.8 mmol g−1) at 25°C. Uptake kinetics and sorption isotherms were obtained and modeled using conventional and simple equations: best results were respectively obtained with the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the Langmuir equation. The La(III) loaded magnetic alginate beads were regenerated using 0.1 M CaCl2 without activity loss.
Chitosan was cross-linked using epichlorohydrine to form chitosan gel. The resins obtained were chemically modified through the reaction with to 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafloro,2-bis (3-amino,2-hydroxyphenyl) propane to produce resin (RI), 3-amino-1,2,4 triazole,5-thiol to produce resin (RII), and melamine to produce resin (RIII). The uptake of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous media by the obtained resins was studied using batch method. Various parameters such as pH, agitation time, RB5 concentration and temperature were studied. The resins showed high affinity for the adsorption of RB5 where uptake values of 0.63, 0.45, and 0.33 mmol/g were reported for resins RI, RII, and RIII, respectively at 25°C. Both kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the process were estimated. These data indicated an endothermic spontaneous adsorption process and kinetically followed the pseudo-second order model, Fickian diffusion low and Elovich equation. Desorption of RB5 from the surface of the prepared resins was efficiently done using sodium hydroxide.
With the target of recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from acidic leachates, a new functionalized hydrogel was designed, based on the phosphorylation of algal/polyethyleneimine beads. The functionalization strongly increased the sorption efficiency of the raw material for Pr(III) and Tm(III). Diverse techniques were used for characterizing this new material and correlating the sorption performances and mechanisms to the physicochemical structure of the sorbent. First, the work characterized the sorption properties from synthetic solutions with the usual procedures (study of pH effect, uptake kinetics, sorption isotherms, metal desorption and sorbent recycling, and selectivity from multi-element solutions). Optimum pH was found close to 5; sorption isotherms were fitted by the Langmuir equation (maximum sorption capacities close to 2.14 mmol Pr g−1 and 1.57 mmol Tm g−1). Fast uptake kinetics were modeled by the pseudo-second order rate equation. The sorbent was highly selective for REEs against alkali-earth and base metals. The sorbent was remarkably stable for sorption and desorption operation (using 0.2 M HCl/0.5 M CaCl2 solutions). The sorbent was successfully applied to the leachates of Egyptian ore (pug leaching) after a series of pre-treatments (precipitation steps), sorption, and elution. The selective precipitation of REEs using oxalic acid allows for the recovery of a pure REE precipitate.
Lauryl sulfate is utilized to functionalize magnetic graphene oxide (MGOLS) for fast removal of methylene blue (MB) using batch sorption experiments. The effects of different analytical parameters including medium pH, equilibration time, MGOLS dosage, initial MB concentration and temperature on the % MB removal are investigated. Among different isotherm and kinetic models, the experimental data were best fitted to the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order rate equations. The maximum Langmuir loading capacity reaches 624.42 mg g−1 for MGOLS under optimal conditions. Sorption kinetic of MGOLS is very fast: Approximately 96% of dye extraction was recorded within the first 2 minutes of this sorption process. The sorption mechanism is proposed and the feasibility, thermic and entropic characteristics were evaluated. Sorption and desorption performances of MGOLS are maintained almost constant over five cycles of sorption/desorption. The results concluded MGOLS as an efficient extractor for fast and feasible recovery of MB from aqueous matrices.
This research demonstrates the ability of cubic Ia3d aluminosilica (CAS) adsorbent prepared using a simple and repeatable one-pot synthesis technique to remove the cationic dye, such as Gentian violet (GV) from aqueous solutions. The prepared CAS adsorbent nanoarchitectonics appeared with 573 m2 g−1 as a BET surface area. The adsorption behaviour of GV on CAS adsorbent was investigated using the thermodynamics, kinetics, and isotherm models. According to the results, the CAS adsorbent indicated a high ability to absorb GV from an aqueous solution, and their kinetic behaviour follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic. In addition, the equilibrium study revealed that the GV adsorption by the CAS adsorbent followed the Langmuir model. Additionally, the outcomes obtained revealed adsorption of GV onto CAS adsorbent was dominated by electrostatic attraction forces, hydrogen bonding, ion-exchange, and pore filling, The maximum adsorption efficiency of GV onto CAS adsorbent was instituted to be 1.36 mmol g−1 (i.e. 554.85 mg g−1). The enthalpy (ΔHo), entropy (ΔGo), and Gibbs free energy (ΔSo) parameters revealed that the extraction of GV dye using CAS adsorbent was endothermic and spontaneous. The synthesised CAS adsorbent shows significant recyclability and characteristics of re-generability up to five adsorption-desorption cycles. As a proof of concept, the performance of the prepared adsorbent was evaluated for laboratory-scale purification of wastewater samples.
Magnetic Schiff's base chitosan composite has been prepared starting from shrimp peels as a raw material. Chitosan extraction involved three main stages as preconditioning, demineralization deproteinization and deacetylation. Chitosan modification process took place through the reaction between chitosan and polymeric Schiff's base of thiourea/glutaraldehyde in the presence of magnetite. The synthetic hybrid composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyses and tested as sorbent for Cr(VI) recovery from aqueous solution. The performance of the sorbent was systematically evaluated by batch sorption experiments, followed by equilibrium and kinetic studies with different mathematical models. The isotherm study demonstrate that the sorbent achieved 99.1% (sorption capacity; 252.45 mg g−1) removal efficiency in Cr(VI) solution with concentrations up to 400 mg/L. Experimental data gave better mathematical fitting towards pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The distribution coefficient was obtained at different temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters have been calculated: the sorption is endothermic, spontaneous and contributes to increase the randomness of the system. The sorbent could be recycled for three cycles of sorption/desorption.
Functionalizing nanosilica (n-SiO 2 ) particles with suitable active organic moiety leads to the formation of surfaces with precisely controlled physical and chemical characteristics. In this work, a novel nanosorbent (31 ± 2.4 nm), namely succinic acid functionalized nanosilica (n-SiO 2 @SA), was synthesized via a simple protocol using microwave irradiation to remove Cu(II) ions from aqueous media. The successful functionalization of n-SiO 2 was confirmed by FTIR, and the thermal stability of n-SiO 2 @SA was investigated by TGA study. Other techniques, including HRTEM, DLS and zeta-potential, were utilized to investigate the chemical, surface, and morphological properties of the fabricated n-SiO 2 @SA. The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with three-level, three-factorial Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the multivariable sorption system using data obtained from 17 batch runs to reach 98.9% of Cu(II) ion removal. The predicted optimal conditions were as follows: contact time = 30 min, pH = 7.1, initial Cu(II) concentration = 317.5 mg L −1 , and sorbent dose = 15 mg at which the maximum sorption capacities for n-SiO 2 and n-SiO 2 @SA were 209.3 and 386.4 mg g −1 , respectively, at 25 °C, thus supporting the validity of functionalization process. Non-linear regression and linear least-squares methods confirm the suitability of Langmuir model to describe the experimental endothermic, feasible, and chemisorption data, whereas the normalized standard deviation Δq% recommends the pseudo second-order kinetic model to represent the kinetic data. Real Cu-contaminated wastewaters were used to examine n-SiO 2 @SA nanosorbent for removing Cu(II) ions.
Nano-bioremediation approach involving the synergistic interaction between indigenous microorganisms and nanoparticles offers an affordable, environmentally, and beneficial solution for wastewater treatment. Herein, environmentally benign, Eichhornia crassipes-mediated green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (GS-IONPs) were prepared. The as-prepared GS-IONPs were properly characterized using different spectral analyses. Moreover, a bacterial microbiome was systematically isolated from a wastewater treatment unit located in the natural gas facility, Port Said, Egypt, and grown on a nutrient agar medium. The growth-enhancing effect of GSIONPs on the bacterial community at different interval periods was studied. Bioremediation activity of employed bacterial consortium towards crude oil was carried out. The outcome data experimentally symbolized that the bacterial consortium was remarkably stable under pH of 7.0 and temperature of 37.0°C (optimized conditions). Besides, the growth of bacterial consortium was directly proportional to the concentration of GS-IONPs up to the optimum dosage of 0.04 g. Compared to the control sample (non-treated GS-IONPs specimen), the removal % of COD, BOD, and TOC interestingly improved by 74.76, 77.17, and 85.44%, respectively (e.g., 0.04 g of GS-IONPs). Overall, the present study illustrates an ample perspective of nano-bioremediation feasibility as a futuristic rational platform for decontamination of crude oil wastewater using a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium.
Glycidyl methacrylate/ methelenebisacrylimide resin with tetraethelenepentamine ligand was prepared, investigated, and loaded with Cu(II). The adsorption characteristics of the obtained resin towards As(V) (asHAsO4) at different experimental conditions were established by means of batch and column methods. The mechanism of interaction between As(V) and resin's active sites was discussed. The selectivity of the studied resin towards AsV) in the presence of other anions (Cl−,NO3−,SO42− and CO32−) was evaluated. The kinetics and thermodynamic behaviour of the adsorption reaction were also defined. Regeneration and durability of the loaded resin towards the successive resin were also clarified.
Magnesium is a common water hardness source. This divalent ion can react with soap anions that reduce cleaning efficiency, resulting in high detergent consumption. The development of new low-cost metal removal adsorbents has attracted a great deal of attention. Here the adsorption behavior and the underlying kinetics of magnesium sorption on Titan yellow (TY) supported on thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF) was investigated. The results of analyzing sorption behavior showed that the sorption environment had different effects on the sorption of Mg(II) ions. It could be found that the initial pH had the best sorption effect on Mg(II) ions, the equilibrium is reached within 115-120 min and the kinetic profiles are simulated by the pseudo-second-order rate equation (PSORE). The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg was 19.45 mg g−1 at initial pH = 10.5. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum sorption capacity of Mg(II) ions reaches up to 19.45 mg g−1. Therefore, TF-TY was found to be an efficient adsorbent for Mg(II) removal from water.
Background: Currently, aluminum (Al) cookware is frequently utilized as a container for food preparation all over the world. The migration of elements from Al cookware can pose a serious potential health hazard. However, there is a lack of information about the leaching of multi-elements from Al cookware and their behaviours. A new investigation for leaching of multi-elements from Al cookware during conventional cooking environments was depicted in the current study. Methods: Ten different Al cookware made by different manufacturers were used for simulating cooking media. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a fast, simple and reliable technique was used to investigate the leaching of multi-elements (34 elements) from Al cookware. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.001- 0.030 and 0.004-0.100 μg/L, respectively. Results: This study revealed that numerous elements, including Al, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and vanadium (V) were released from Al cookware during conventional cooking conditions. Repeatability, reproducibility and recovery values ranged between 0.94 – 4.59% RSD, 1.76-4.71% RSD, and 96- 109%, respectively. The leaching amounts and behaviours of elements were closely related to the solution pH and cooking time. At acidic conditions, the concentrations of Al, Pb and Mn surpass WHO limits. After a 15-minute cooking duration, Al concentrations ranged from 56.8 to 8048 μg/L, which subsequently increased to 1097 – 201423 μg/L after 60 min. Several behaviours of Al leaching, including an extreme release, a linear release and a low release, were observed among samples. This could be probably due to the formation of a passivation layer of Al2O3 which prevents the oxidation of Al. Moreover, Pb and Mn were detected at 14.1–25.8 and 262.5 μg/L after 30 min, respectively. At neutral media, Al, Cu, As, V, Mg and Zn were quantified among all studied pots. Further interesting findings are to observe the behaviour leaching of Zn at concentrations of 55-120 μg/L, including a strong release within 30 min in some samples, while others showed a linear dissolution within 60 min of the cooking process. Conclusion: The study provided for the first time a more detailed study of the processes involved in the release of multi-elements during cooking inside Al cookware compared to the other hitherto published studies, which is an important insight in the field of food safety and other areas. The cumulative release of multi-elements from Al cookware could emphasize the importance of assessing the quality of such cookware, urging a closer examination of its composition and possibly advocating for potential alterations in the future.
It was evaluated for the adsorption behavior and the underlying kinetics of magnesium sorption on Titian yellow (TY) supported on thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF). The results of analyzing sorption behavior showed that the sorption environment had different effects on the sorption of Mg(II) ions. It could be found that pH had the best sorption effect on Mg(II) ions, The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg was 19.45 mg g −1 when it was at initial pH = 10.5. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum sorption capacities of Mg(II) ions was 19.45 mg g −1 . Therefore, TF-TY was found to be a most efficient adsorbent for Mg(II) removal from water.
<p>It was evaluated for the adsorption behavior and the underlying kinetics of magnesium sorption on Titian yellow (TY) supported on thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF). The results of analyzing sorption behavior showed that the sorption environment had different effects on the sorption of Mg(II) ions. It could be found that pH had the best sorption effect on Mg(II) ions, The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg was 19.45 mg g<sup>−1</sup> when it was at initial pH = 10.5. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum sorption capacities of Mg(II) ions was 19.45 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. Therefore, TF-TY was found to be a most efficient adsorbent for Mg(II) removal from water.</p>
Soil samples from a remote Japanese island (Kozushima) were processed and investigated for organisms exhibiting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains. A Pseudomonas strain demonstrating antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was observed, leading to further investigation. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify species and phylogenetic analysis, followed by in silico molecular analysis. Chemotaxonomic and biochemical analyses were conducted to characterize the strain further. Genomic analysis identified a strain of interest, Pseudomonas batumici (P. batumici), a strain initially isolated from soil of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus in 1980. P. batumici Koz11 is the second P. batumici strain isolated and identified outside the area where it was first found. Similar to the type strain, P. batumici Koz11 showed antimicrobial activity against various S. aureus strains, including vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. However, the previously reported gene cluster known as the "batumin gene cluster," which synthesizes antimicrobial compounds, was absent from P. batumici Koz11. This study provides insights on P. batumici that were not previously known. Since the type of strain of P. batumici is exclusively deposited in the Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms, the Koz11 strain may be a surrogate to facilitate continued study of P. batumici.
<title>Abstract</title> Textile wastewater containing heavy metal ions has become a severe environmental problem worldwide. The combined uptake of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater discharged by different sectors is a challenging concept. This study explores the use of hybrid adsorbent based on magnetic chitosan (MC) and magnetic glycidyl methacrylate (Mp(GMA)) in adsorption technology, for simultaneous removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye and chromate anions from their binary aqueous solution. The adsorbent material was functionalized by loading diethylenetriamine (DETA) or dithizone to improve their adsorption capacity (R-DETA or R-Dithizone). The physicochemical characteristics of the materials have been characterized by a wide variety of analytical techniques. Pseudo-second order and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were the best-fit models in the binary adsorption system. The co-presence of these anions in the binary solution increases the adsorption capacity of chromate and diminishes the EBT adsorption capacity of the investigated adsorbents (R-DETA and R-Dithizone). These anions in the binary solution reduce the adsorption capacity of both dye and chromate anions. The adsorption capacity at monolayer saturation capacities (Langmuir) of R-DETA in binary system were 0.782 and 4.11 mmol g<sup>− 1</sup> towards EBT and chromate anions respectively, while R-Dithizone adsorbent recorded lower monolayer sorption capacity for EBT (0.490 mmol g<sup>− 1</sup> ) and higher sorption capacity for chromate 5.93 mmol Cr(VI) g<sup>− 1</sup> in the binary solution. The effects of competitive anions Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> on the adsorption of EBT and chromate anions in their binary mixture were examined. The good sorption ability of EBT and Cr(VI) anions against ionic interference supported their use in wastewater treatment applications. NaOH (0.5 M) proved the most effective for desorption from their binary mixture.
Abstract Sustainable management of natural resources is a pressing global challenge that requires the prevention of loss and waste. Egypt is facing an acute water crisis due to insufficient water supplies throughout the country. To address this issue, it is essential to implement a range of solutions to improve the situation. This study aims to alleviate the stress on multiple resources and environmental impacts in one of Egypt's earliest reclaimed areas (Wadi El-Natrun, Western Desert), by applying systematic modeling to achieve sustainable development objectives and mitigate resource stress. To promote a more sustainable and resilient future, a pilot model ecovillage has been designed for a community of three thousand inhabitants, promoting integrated resource management and considering the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus concept. The ecovillage design incorporates collaborative engagement of groundwater reservoirs for water supply, agricultural production for food demands, power generation, and community sensitivity. Evaluating key aspects related to water supply, power generation, agricultural production, and environmental impact within the proposed pilot design aims to provide insights into the complex interactions among these systems. A four-step methodology for evaluating and implementing the nexus at a local level, which includes identifying linkages, mapping interconnections, focusing on core foundations, and applying the findings to improve project execution was investigated. An understanding of the WEF nexus, demonstrating how such frameworks can enhance the management of scarce resources was provided. The “TORAY DS2” design is employed to analyze model parameters and quantify their values. The study’s findings aim to support decision-makers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to navigate the complexities of the WEF Nexus, promoting optimal resource management. These findings are promising, indicating a low environmental risk while aligning with both the WEF Nexus and the Sustainable Development Goals.
This study introduces a hybrid sorbent, diethylenetriamine-functionalized magnetic chitosan/magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (P-DETA), designed for the recovery of Pb( ii ), Cd( ii ), and Cu( ii ) from contaminated water systems.
