I am a post doc who is intrested in Mountain diversity or pant communities and how they are affected by climate change.
Ecology environemntal science plant community ecology climate change and anything related to plants
Species distributions models (SDMs) are an indispensable and important tool for predicting suitable habitats and projecting the impacts of future climate change on habitat distribution of species, particularly the threatened species. Amongst such species, Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo is a threatened, medicinal orchid endemic to Himalaya. In the present study, we utilized ensemble modelling to identify the current potential suitable habitats and predict the impacts of future climate change on the distributional range of D. hatagirea in Himachal Pradesh, an Indian State in Western Himalaya. An ensemble of eight different model was run on non-collinear bioclimatic and topographic variables to predict its current potential distribution. A further ensemble of five global circulation models, focusing on four representative concentration pathways, was utilised to select the suitable habitats in future, for the years 2050 and 2070. The main bioclimatic variables influencing the predictions of potential distribution of D. hatagirea were Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (Bio10), Isothermality (Bio3), Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (Bio8), Slope, Precipitation Seasonality (Bio15) and Mean Diurnal Range (Bio2). The results of ensemble model revealed that, under present climatic conditions, the potential current suitable habitats of D. hatagirea comprises of only 0.09% of the study region. The model predicted that compared to the current distribution, the highly suitable habitats, under various future climate scenarios, would be significantly reduced by 25.34% to 56.34% and from 22.54% to 38.03% by the years 2050 and 2070 respectively. Our study also showed that the centroid of suitable habitats of D. hatagirea will shift towards eastern side of Himachal Pradesh. As per IUCN range loss criterion A3(c), D. hatagirea would lose more than 30% of its currently occupied suitable habitat, and this can be categorized as 'Vulnerable'. Therefore, an assisted colonization (AC) would be required in 0.21 to 5.98 and 0.56 to 7.39 new cells (each of grid size 2×2 km2) for the years 2050 and 2070 respectively, to halt the range loss below the threshold of 30% and shift it to the 'Least Concern' category. Further, it was found that the availability of suitable cells within existing network of protected areas (PAs) in the region are adequate and could be a better alternative to achieve conservation goals through AC. In the present study, we found that the habitats of D. hatagirea in western Himalaya are extremely vulnerable to future shifts and alterations in the climate patterns. The findings from the present study, thus, could be utilized to alleviate the threats to the survival of populations of this species by carrying out activities such as protecting the habitats, studying the unexplored populations, re-wilding and AC programmes within the PAs, for planning of conservation and management strategies.
Forty genotypes of tomato were evaluated for yield and various yield contributing characters. Estimates of genetic parameters revealed that genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit and plant height. High estimates of heritability along with high genetic gain were recorded for number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit and plant height. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield was positively and significantly associated with average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and pericarp thickness both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analysis advocated that average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and pericarp thickness are the major yield contributing traits in tomato.
Abstract Anthropogenic disturbances adversely affect populations of rare and endemic plants, resulting in reduction of their population size and performance. Among different plant groups, deceptive terrestrial orchids are vulnerable and possess greater extinction risks because of rarity in occurrence. To understand the response of food‐deceptive terrestrial orchids to disturbances, we selected Dactylorhiza hatagirea as our representative species, which is endemic to Himalaya, and studied its natural populations. This species is rare for being habitat specific, pollination limited and threatened in its natural habitats. We tested the hypothesis that disturbances lead to reduction in population size and plant performance of food‐deceptive terrestrial orchids. For assessing the impact of disturbance, two contrasting groups, heavily devastated (HD) and lightly devastated (LD), were identified on the basis of frequency and intensity of disturbance (harvesting of plant for tubers) by interviewing local people, medicinal plant extractors and shepherds. HD sites, in comparison to LD sites, were found to have smaller population sizes, but showed an increase in plant growth traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf N and specific shoot length). Similarly, plants at HD sites were found to have invested less in inflorescence (inflorescence size, inflorescence length, inflorescence length fraction and flowers per length), but despite that showed higher reproductive success. This was a clear indication of enhanced performance of its populations driven by disturbances. Our findings suggested that food‐deceptive species in small populations tend to reduce the probability of population extinction and have the capability to recover rapidly if conserved in time.
Parameters of variabiltiy and character association between green pod yield and its contributing traits were studied in 60 genotypes of garden pea. Wide range of variation was noticed for all the characters under study. Estimates of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for pod yield per plant, pod breadth, total phenols and number of pods per plant indicating that there is good scope for improvement these characters through selection. Further, highly significant and positive correlation was observed between green pod yield per plant and plant height, pods per plant, node at which first flower appears and total phenols. Significant and positive association between green pod yield per plant and node at which first flower appears indicated that selection for higher yield can be practiced as soon as the first pod develops. Similarly path analysis exhibited that pods per plant recorded highest positive direct effect on pod yield per plant followed by node at which first flower appears and plant height. Direct contribution of these traits indicated that by making selection for these traits, the yield can be substantially improved.
Thirty three genotypes of pole type french beans obtained from India and abroad were evaluated during Kharif, 2006 in Solan, Himachal Pradesh with the objective to genetically evaluate these genotypes for important horticultural traits and to workout the genetic divergence in the genotypes for further breeding studies. Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied. The material was subjected to genetic analysis and further, based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics, genotypes were grouped into six clusters, majority of which were accommodated in cluster I, followed by cluster VI. Maximum intra cluster distance was in cluster V followed by cluster I and the inter cluster distance was observed maximum between cluster IV and V followed by cluster I and VI. Cluster mean for different characters revealed that cluster V was the best of all from snap bean point of view and should be exploited in breeding programme. Further, hybridization between cluster IV and V could be utilized for getting the superior recombinants or transgress segregants in segregating generations.
The study herein determines the available variability among the unexplored common bean germplasm based on morphological parameters. The collection of one hundred and thirty five genotypes was done and the experimental data for nine phenotypic yield attributing traits was recorded in the experimental field of SKUAST Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha for the two years. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and the observations were recorded from six randomly selected tagged plants. The analysis of variance of pooled data depicted remarkable variability among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The observations showed that the genotypes namely K12 (Bandipora) were early maturing, N3 (Nishat) had the longest pod, R3 (Rajouri) exhibit the largest pod width, MT6 (Marmat) had the maximum value of seed weight and that the genotypes namely P3 (Poonch), KS6 (Shopian), VLR125 (Almora, Uttarakhand) showed the highest yield. Comparatively higher values for seeds per plant and pods per plant parameters were noticed in the genotypes belonging to Almora (VLR-125), Poonch (P11), Shopian (KS1 and KS6), Marmat (MT5) and Uganda (UG5, UG6, UG9 and UG11) region. Further, the pods per plant, seeds per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant traits depicted higher estimates for PCV, GCV and genetic advance presenting great scope for accelerating the crop improvement. Based on these preliminary results, the elite diverse genotypes can be selected for future breeding programs thereby enhancing yield in common bean
Due to government incentives, environmental concerns, and lower operating costs, there has been a significant increase in the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Consequently, supporting the rapid growth of the EV market trend requires the availability of fast charging stations. However, traditional grid-based charging stations are unsustainable as they increase their carbon footprint and strain the grid, potentially causing power outages. This paper proposes a solar-powered EV DC fast charging station that utilizes a buck converter with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) trained Neural Network (NN) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) as the controller. The proposed system aims to provide fast and reliable EV charging while minimizing the impact on the grid during daylight hours. Results obtained via MATLAB simulation demonstrate the effectiveness, stability, reliability, and robustness of the proposed system. Therefore, this study presents a promising direction toward developing sustainable and efficient DC EV charging infrastructure using clean and green energy.
Attitude plays a critical role in shaping one’s behavior towards any psychological object. Scales were created to examine farmers’ attitudes on maize and wheat crops. A list of 26 attitude statements for maize crop and 27 attitude statements for wheat crop was compiled and improved using Edward’s 14 principles, and included both positive and negative remarks. The study was conducted in 2024 with a total of 56 farmers in the sub-tropical zone, which included districts such as Akhnoor, Samba, and Kathua, and 56 farmers in the mid-hill zone, which included districts such as Rajouri, Kishtwar, Ramban, and Doda. Ultimately, each statement’s “t” value was calculated, and found that 13 statements for the maize crop and 11 statements for the wheat crop had a “t” value higher than 1.75, which were retained in order to assess the final scale’s validity and reliability. Cronbach’s alpha was proposed for assessing the reliability of attitude scales. In the case of scale for maize crop, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.81, and 0.71 in the case of the wheat crop, validating the constructed scale’s internal consistency. The experts’ opinions were used to determine the scale’s content validity. With some changes, the ultimate scale will be used to gauge the attitude of farmers toward the maize and wheat crops.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) occupies the prime position among different vegetables and is an important vegetable cultivated in India. The present trend in crop improvement programmes is the development of hybrid cultivars to boost the productivity and profitability of farmers. To meet all the requirements of successful hybrids, it is neccessary to be familiar with the detailed genetic makeup of the selected material to be used in hybrid breeding. Genetic variability among the parents is a prerequisite to develop new cultivar and select better segregants for various economic characters. Knowledge of correlations is equally important for simultaneous and/ or indirect improvement of characters that are difficult to quantify especially for those traits, which exhibit low heritability. Therefore, it is essential to make preliminary investigation of the characters of the lines to be used for the development of superior hybrids/varieties. In the view of above, present investigation were undertaken to study the genetic variability, correlation among different quantitative and qualitative traits and path analysis in tomato genotypes to facilitate the selection of suitable superior genotypes for development of new varieties/ hybrids using standard breeding programme.
Present study was aimed to evaluate the liquid inoculation of ten Bradyrhizobium japonicum with fungi Aspergillus niger (plant growth promoting) in pot experiments for determination of nitrogen fixation potential. Commonly grown JS-335 cultivar of Soybean around Ujjain region was used as host plant. Nodule number, shoot length, root length and their dry weight were taken as criteria for nitrogen fixation. Inoculation in pot along with fertilizer significantly increase the nodulation, shoot and root length at 5% of probability over inoculation of only B. japonicum and uninoculated. Total 12 treatments (10 tests + 2 controls) with three replicates were set and total 36 pots were arranged. Results revealed that B. japonicum increases the nitrogen fixation in combination with A. niger and induces the plant growth directly like phosphate solubilization, through IAA production, ammonia production and indirectly by inhibiting the pathogenic fungi. Co-inoculation was found suitable and effective over single inoculums. The present study supports that liquid inoculum of more than one organism results in increase in nodulation, and can effectively increase the crop productivity.
Earthen pots experiments were conducted for the evaluation of nitrogen fixing potential of three indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolates and one commercial inoculum (Narmada biofertilizer) in three commonly grown soybean cultivars viz., JS-335, JS-9305 and JS-7322. Nitrogen fixation was assessed in terms of root nodules number, root and shoot length and their dry weight. Results indicate that the indigenous isolates were more efficient than commercial isolate. When the indigenous isolates of B. japonicum were used, NOPP increased significantly in comparison to commercial inoculum. Similarly, indigenous isolates also showed significantly higher values in the case of root/shoot length its dry weight over commercial isolate. Although this is a preliminary study, it appears from the results that the indigenous strains of B. japonicum are more promising and efficient as compared to commercial inoculum.
A lot of variability is available in French bean in South American continent. To breed new and better cultivars, the breeder requires a comprehensive knowledge on variability existing at the germplasm hot spots. Fifty-one French bean (bush type) genotypes of different eco-geographical origin from India and abroad were grown in replicated plots under complete randomized block design to measure the extent of diversity for further use in breeding programmes. The data recorded on 14 characters were subjected to analysis of variance. By multivariate analysis (D2 analysis), the genetic divergence among the genotypes was quantitatively measured. The total 51 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters by this technique. There was no relationship between clustering pattern and geographical origin. Further, the effect of genetic divergence among different genotypes, which possessed differential expression in respect of specific agronomic traits, was also worked out. Introgression of these useful gene sources from diverse clusters may prove to be useful in gene pool maintenance and will be beneficial in designing appropriate breeding strategy in future French bean improvement.
The laboratory reared bumble bee (B. haemorrhoidalis Smith) queens used for pollination resulted in increase in number of fruits per plant (3.77%), fruit weight (24.60%), fruit length (13.51%), fruit breadth (21.52%), healthy fruits (23.84%), seed number (113.64%), 1000 seed weight (g) (5.44%) and fruit yield per (89.42%) in bell pepper over control suggesting that bumble bee pollination is effective in improving bell pepper fruit yield and quality.
ABSTRACT Background: Tobacco addiction is a major public health issue in India, contributing to a high burden of preventable diseases and premature deaths. Despite various efforts to reduce tobacco consumption, its prevalence remains alarmingly high, emphasizing the urgent need for effective tobacco cessation strategies. Objective: This review aims to comprehensively analyze the tobacco cessation methods in India, including pharmacotherapy, behavioral interventions, and other approaches, with a focus on their efficacy, challenges, and future directions. Methods: The review examines various tobacco cessation techniques, evaluating their effectiveness in the Indian context. It considers the cultural, socioecono mic, and regulatory challenges unique to India that influence tobacco cessation efforts. Results: The analysis highlights the diverse tobacco consumption habits across the country and assesses the success of existing tobacco cessation initiatives. It also identifies key barriers to effective cessation, such as lack of awareness, accessibility, and socio-cultural influences. Despite these challenges, some programs and methods have shown success in reducing tobacco use. Conclusion: Tobacco cessation is a critical health priority for India. While progress has been made through government initiatives and stakeholder involvement, there remains a need for more widespread and culturally tailored cessation programs. Future efforts must address existing gaps in healthcare infrastructure, regulation, and public awareness to further reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.
Climate-induced temperature increases and reduced rainfall have severely threatened the agricultural productivity and food security of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. National Innovations Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) interventions like crop rotation, soil management and help farmers adapt the technology to reduce climate change risk. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of NICRA interventions on crop yield and income of farmers in a vulnerable and semi-arid region of the Samba district of Jammu and Kashmir. The study surveyed 120 farmers in the Samba district of Jammu and Kashmir. The ordinary least square method has been used to analyze the data. The results show that attendance at the training, having a Kissan credit card, and farmers' experience have significantly influenced the adaptation of NICRA interventions. The study sheds light on the positive relation with farm income due to the adaptation of NICRA interventions. Our study proposed policy-related recommendations to encourage farmers to adopt climate-smart agriculture through NICRA interventions. This includes raising awareness among farmers through high-quality information and training and developing climate action for the small and marginal farmers of the Samba district of Jammu and Kashmir. This study provides a foundation for understanding the role of NICRA interventions in increasing farm productivity and income in semi-arid regions.
A study was conducted during 2007-08 to study the effect of growing media and fertigation levels on the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production and its quality when grown in the low-cost plastic greenhouse. The whole experiment was arranged over 9 treatments consisting of 3 growing media M 0 (soil), M 1 (soil:farmyard manure:sand) and M 2 (soil:vermicompost:sand) in the ratio of 2:1:1 and 3 fertigation levels [F 1 (100 kg NPK/ha), F 2 (200 kg NPK/ha), F 3 (300 kg NPK/ha)]. Interaction effects of growing media and fertigation levels showed significant effect for most of the characters except days to marketable maturity and fruit weight. It is revealed that growing media M 2 comprising soil:vermocompost:sand (2:1:1) along with fertigation level F 3 @ 300 kg NPK/ha is highly suitable for growing cucumber in naturally ventilated polyhouse in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh for off-season production during August-December and February-June. The results indicated an increased yield of 8.33 kg/plant and 16.66 kg m 2 with superior quality in the treatment comprising soil: vermicompost: sand (2:1:1) as growing media and fertigation with 300 kg NPK/ha.
Tomato is one of the most important, popular and widely grown vegetable in the world. It belongs to family Solanaceae and originated in Central and South America. It is the world’s largest vegetable crop after potato but tops the list of processed vegetables. Fresh fruits of tomato are in greater demand round the year and throughout the country. Large quantities of tomatoes are used to produce ketchup, paste, puree, juice and soup. This crop is playing an important role in economic upliftment of the farmers living in hills in the form of off-season produce in Himachal Pradesh. Tomato produced in Himachal Pradesh during June to November becomes offseason vegetable in the markets of north Indian plains fetching very remunerative price to the farmers. The national average fruit yield of tomato is less compared to other countries like Japan. Thus there is scope for its improvement which can be achieved through breeding high yielding varieties and hybrids with improved cultivation technology. Tomato a self pollinated crop and has a tremendous potential for heterosis breeding. The commercial exploitation of hybrid vigour in tomato has received greater importance on account of several advantages of hybrids over pure line varieties with response to marketable fruit yield and its component traits. For exploitation of heterosis, choice of parents is of paramount importance. Combining ability studies are more reliable as they provide useful information for the selection of parents in terms of performance of the hybrids and elucidate the nature and magnitude of various types of gene actions involved in the expression of quantitative traits. The information obtained from general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of crosses helps us to select suitable parents and related cross combinations, respectively. The line x tester approach given by Kempthorne (1957) is one of the most appropriate approaches in preliminary screening of the material for combining ability, also it is an important technique used to understand the genetic potential of parents and their hybrids. The lines thus selected could be used in hybridization programme for developing superior F 1 hybrids. Thus, the present study was undertaken to generate information for identification of good general and specific combiners for the improvement of desirable horticultural traits.
Tomato is an important crop of hilly regions in India and fetches off season prices to farmers when grown during rainy season in Himachal Pradesh. However, the production remains in scarcity during March-June and October- December due to environmental hazards. The only alternative is to make use of low cost plastic greenhouses for tomato production during these periods so that year round and off-season supply to the market in the plains is regulated. Keeping this in view, an experiment was conducted to evaluate and identify the superior and most promising F1 hybrids in respect of productivity and quality of the produce in a low cost plastic greenhouse. The study was carried out on 16 tomato hybrids in relation to earliness, yield and quality. Out of 16 hybrids, Naveen 2K+ recorded the maximum fruit yield/plant (3.23 and 3.81 kg) and fruit yield/m2 (12.92 and 15.24 kg) followed by Amisha and Rakshak. Naveen 2K+ also recorded maximum fruit weight (73.33 and 74.17 g), and harvest duration (73.33 and 74.67 days) during both the years. A cherry tomato hybrid BSS-366 was earliest in marketable maturity (78.67 and 79days) and recorded the maximum number of flowers/ cluster, number of fruits/ cluster, number of flower clusters/ plant, number of fruits/ plant, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and lycopene content. Rakshak exhibited maximum value of pericarp thickness and shelf life.
Tomato is an important cash crop of the vegetable growers in mid hill region of the Himachal Pradesh in India.Mainly the crop is raised during rainy season and the produce fetches offseason prices because of non availability of tomatoes in the markets of neighboring states which are comparatively plain areas and are not fit for growing tomatoes during rainy season.But the outdoor production of tomato faces many biotic and abiotic hurdles due to the coincidence of monsoon season with tomato fruit production.Major constraint is high rainfall coupled with high relative humidity favoring occurrence of many diseases and insect-pest attack which severely reduces the productivity and quality of the tomato fruits and growers do not get premium prices for their produce in spite of offseasonality.Hence, the only viable alternative is to grow tomato under protected conditions.The climate of the mid hills also favours for its cost effective production due to the use of low cost plastic greenhouses with natural ventilation.Therefore, a study was conducted to standardize different soil less and soil based growing media along with biofertilizers and fertigation levels for growing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv NAVEEN 2K+) in plastic greenhouses for higher productivity per unit area and superior quality of the produce during 2008 and 2009.The results comparing different treatment combinations, gave useful indication on the possibility of increasing yield, quality and component traits and decreasing occurrence of soil born diseases by using soil less growing media (Vermicompost: sand; 2:1) along with seedling treatment of Azotobacter and fertigation dose of 300 kg NPK per ha.
Background: Several sick neonates require transfer to tertiary level care neonatal unit for treatment. The facilities of neonataltransport in India are not optimal and the newborn thus transported can become hypothermic, hypoxic, and/or hypoglycemicwhich can affect the neonatal outcome. These parameters can be maintained during transport by adopting simple measures. Aim:Study impact of acute physiological parameters during transfer of neonates on their immediate outcome by using TOPS score.TOPS Score -temperature, oxygensaturation, perfusion (assessed by capillary refill time), blood Sugar. Materials and Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted at the special care newborn unit, Indore enrolling 513 transported neonates.TOPS scoring for each neonate was done at admission, and then the parameters of the TOPS score were correlated with theoutcome at 48 h of admission. Results: A total of 513 transported newborns were assessed, 48.73% newborns were hypothermic,33.91% had poor perfusion, 28.46% were hypoxemic, and 22.22% were hypoglycemic. Hypoxemia and hypoglycemia had thehighest sensitivity (93.39% and 80.18%, respectively) while hypoglycemia had the highest specificity (92.87%). Conclusion:TOPS score is a useful and easy to use the method to assess the physiological status and predict early mortality in transportedneonates.
It is believed to Ayurveda has existed since the creation of the universe.It is more clearly the science of life because it describes not only the treatment of disease but also the methods of prevention from disease.In today's era, it has become very difficult to build a healthy society, first of all, to save a person from diseases.Then if there is any disease, treat it and also live a long life.Public health can be obtained from Ayurveda due to both Ayurveda and public health being the same aims.The present article tries to analyze the concept of public health and health brief in the context of Ayurveda.Public health as health is primarily seen as a uniform or a stream for community medicine.The classical texts of Ayurveda describe many theories such as infectious diseases, immunity, nutrition, etc.But the current documents will focus briefly on the concept of public health and health.In the present article, we will try to know whether we can fulfill the purpose of Public Health through Ayurveda.
Inheritance of four agronomic and matUrity characters namely plant height, leaf area, days. to 50 per cent flowering and node at which first flower appears were studied in crosses involving five varieties of garden and field pea using generations means analysis. Significant additive and dominance gene effects for all the traits were recorded. Duplicate type of epistatis was more prominent for plant height and leaf area, whereas complementary type of epistasis was recorded for the other two characters. The preponderance of non-additive gene effects for plant height and leaf area indicates that a poor gain under selection may be expected for these traits.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Management of Distal Radius fracture that are inherently unstable is still a matter of debate. There is no conclusive evidence that support one surgical fixation method over another. An attempt was made to analyze patients treated with Ex-Fix and Internal-Fixation for unstable distal radius fractures and evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ex-fix using principles of ligamentotaxis and Internal-fixation and compare functional recovery, fracture healing time and complications</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective trial was undertaken at our hospital with 35 patients,all aged &gt;20 yrs with closed distal radius fracture and divided into two groups: group I (Ex-fix with or without percutaneous k-wire, and JESS) and group II (Int-Fixation) including 14 and 21 patients, respectively. Periodic clinical examination and x-ray review was carried out to find out fracture union, and functional assessment. Patients were followed up for 1 year, 6 months average</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Group I consumed significant less operative time, fluoroscopic exposure, reduced hospital stay, quicker post-operative pain relief. Quick DASH score were significantly high in elderly treated with Ex-Fix in comparison to young in which DASH score was higher with internal-fixator. Functional recovery was early with int-fixation but post-operative wrist stiffness was also higher. 2 cases of delayed wound healing &amp;1 case of pin tract infection with ex-fix application was observed</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Internal-fixation remains the treatment of choice for unstable distal radius fracture involving the articular surface and in the young, while ext-fixation can be considered as a primary treatment modality in the extra-articular fractures in young or even intra-articular fractures in the elderly</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Rice-the vital source of food-plays a key role in the food security system which in turn requires the NPK for optimum growth and yield. The practices of integrated nutrient management are highly important for sustained and better quality rice production because it involves the judicious use of organic, chemical, and microbial sources for improving the soil health and enhancing the yield through the economically and ecological friendly ways thus helpful to reduce the issues of nutrient mining. Therefore, the integrated nutrient management is the need of hour to maintain the soil fertility and productivity along with farmers' benefit by the integration of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers, and biofertilizers. Pelleting is the technique of nutrient management where nutrients are slowly released with longterm effects, reduced losses, and enhanced uptake of nutrients due to the condensed form of manures into a pellet. Such a pellet is also easy to handle, transport, store, and enriched with chemicals which contains all essential major nutrients and micronutrients and releases these nutrients slowly in root zones, making them available for long time and reducing their losses in different forms.
Long term storage of garlic under ordinary conditions is difficult and results in loss of bulb weight, increase sprouting, rotting and hollow bulb incidence. The experiment was conducted using different chemicals to assess their effect on storage life of garlic cv. Agrifound Parvati during the years 2010–11 and 2011–12. Chemicals viz. borax @1000 and 1500 ppm, paclobutrazol @1000 and 1500 ppm, cycocel @1000 and 1500 ppm were sprayed twice i.e. one month and two months before harvesting of the crop, whereas Chlorpropham @1000 and 1500 ppm was sprayed after harvesting and before storage of the bulbs only once and in this treatment spray was not done on standing crop. Among all treatments, borax @ 1000 ppm was found best treatment and recorded minimum physiological loss of bulb weight, sprouting incidence, rotting incidence and hollow bulb occurrence during storage of garlic. Next best treatment was borax @ 1500 ppm followed by paclobutrazol @1000 ppm which also recorded less storage losses in garlic.
After screening 40 genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for buckeye rot, it was observed that two genotypes EC-2791 and EC-2798 exhibited resistance under field conditions, whereas symptoms appeared in EC-2798 after creating epiphytotic conditions in the laboratory.
An experiment on effect of soilless growing media and fertigation on capsicum production under naturally ventilated polyhouse was conducted at Regional Horticulture Research Sub-Station, Dr Y.S. Parmar Universityof Horticulture and Forestry Tabo, Spiti during year 2015 and 2016. Significant individual effect of growingmedia and fertigation was found on parameters like harvest duration, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per m2 and fruit yield per ha during both the years. Interaction effect of growingmedia and fertigation was found significant for harvest duration, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per m2 and fruit yield per ha. Soilless growing media comprising of vermicompost: sand (2: 1) andfertigation @ 250 kg NPK/ha recorded the maximum harvest duration (52 days), fruit yield per plant (621.31& 585.85 g), fruit yield per m2 (4.60 & 4.33 kg) and fruit yield per ha (46.02 & 43.40 MT) during year 2015 and 2016, respectively.
A field experiment was conducted on the effect of intensive cropping on green pea production at Vegetable Research Station, Kalpa, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh during the years 2017 and 2018. Three treatments of row spacing viz 15, 22.5 and 30 cm with seed rate of 150 kg/ha were tested against recommended row spacing of 60 cm with seed rate of 75 kg/ha and broadcast method of sowing with seed rate of 450 kg/ha. There was significant difference among treatments for per cent germination in field, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per ha during both the years. Row spacing of 22.5 cm with 150 kg seed per hectare recorded highest pod yield per plot (10.01 and 11.10 kg), per hectare (166.83 and 184.98 q) and benefit cost ratio 3.75 and 4.27 during both the years respectively. On farm testing was also conducted in farmers’ fields and same treatment combination of 22.5 cm row spacing along with 150 kg/ha seed rate recorded the highest yield and B-C ratio.
Peshiare the compact form of Mamsa Dhatuhaving muscle fibres are arranged side by side and separated with each other. Peshiare lengthy and have fleshy appearance. PittaYuktaVayuenters the Mamsaand then divides it into Peshi. Peshiare component of body mainly composed of MamsaDhatu.Most of treatises provide the brief knowledge regarding the Peshi, but Acharya Sushrutamentioned more in details about the types, location, distribution, number and function of Peshi. The total number of Peshisenumerated is 500. Amongst these, 400 are located in Shakha, 66 in Koshthaand 34 in Greevapratyurdhwa. 100 Peshis of each upper limb divided under 8 regions and categorised under 12 Swaroopas. However, there is no specific identification of different Peshis based on Swaroopa, provided in the Samhita. Objective of this study is to study the literature on PeshiShareeraw.s.r. to UrdhavashakhagataPeshiin the light of modern science by cadaveric study and to categorise the Peshis of upper limbs into 12 Swaroopas. As per literary and cadaveric study, a total of 53 Peshis are found in the upper limb. 9 of 12 Swaroopaare found to be relevant for categorising the UrdhavashakhaPeshis. The reason for the difference in the number of Peshis could be inclusion of tendons or aponeurosis, or single muscle observed in two or more regions or 2 heads of origin of a single muscle as two.
Because of to their versatile energy choice alternatives, immovable elements, and opportunity for effective energy generation, thermophotovoltaic techniques have a vast range of achievable applications. For illustration, these devices could help us to offer convenient energy. Nevertheless, first enhance the performance of thermo-photovoltaic cell unit devices along with decrease system costs and system temperatures. To achieve such objectives, we use simulation to evaluate and improve their thermo-photovoltaic cell unit models. This research regarded as the different alternatives of enhancing system operation via successful deal with the operating circumstances. It examined solutions of the system formation for much better system performance and energy output and at bare minimum quantity working expenses. The number of mirrors and photovoltaic devices for employ in the construction had been set at eight as traditional for the procedure. A novel energy technique was constructed and was used to reproduce the energy effectiveness of the thermal photo voltaic modules. The boundaries situations utilized for the materials involved were defined and the appropriate physics utilized in the analysis of various operating circumstances that affected the system effectiveness. It is possible to reduce the costs of PV systems by using small area PV cells, which require some special mirrors to focus radiation onto photocells. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics (version 5.5) as a commercial FEM package, this paper develops a basic thermo-photovoltaic cell unit model. A variety of options examined for optimizing the operation of the system by controlling operating conditions effectively. For a two-dimensional system, it was demonstrated the correct physics to apply when studying various operating conditions which affected system performance.
Patients with a tuberculoma typically present with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and have risk factors for TB. The risk factors for TB include contact with an infectious case with a high bacillary load, immunosuppressive conditions, malnutrition, young age, diabetes mellitus, working in health care, recent incarceration, alcohol use, and tobacco use. Although rare, it is possible for a patient to present with a tuberculoma despite the absence of risk factors for TB and without pulmonary involvement.
An experimental to assess the effect of early snow-melting on alpine species at contrasting elevation was established in 2019 at Rohtang (32°22' N; 77°16' E) in western Himalaya. After completion of 02 year of experiment, sampling was performed on 08 alpine plant species. We have collected leaf functional trait and physiological traits during peak growing season (August 2020) from two elevation (3850 and 4150 m) and from control and treatment plots. The trait values of 15 replicates for each species were given here for leaf functional traits (viz. leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf water content, plant height) and trait values of 05 replicated for each species were given for elemental (Nitrogen % and carbon/nitrogen ratio ) and physiological traits (leaf chlorophyll content, Carotenoid content, Malondialdehyde equivalents, Phenol content, Proline content, Total soluble Sugar content, Total protein content). We have provided trait values from both control and treatment plots.
Sleep is a naturally occurring state of both mind and body. The challenge of insomnia disorder arise when an individual subjectively perceives or subpar sleep quality. This can manifest in various ways, including difficulty initiating sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings with subsequent struggles to return to slumber, premature morning awakenings. Insomnia is intimately linked to various medical and psychiatric conditions and can have profound repercussions on an individual's overall quality of life and emotional well-being. Regrettably, in our contemporary world, a growing number of individuals have become reliant on sleep-inducing medications, forming habitual dependencies on them. Within the framework of holistic well-being, three essential pillars support a healthy life: Aahar (nutrition), Nidra (sleep), and Brahmcharya (celibacy or responsible sexual conduct). Nidra, plays a crucial role in nourishing the living body. Anidra, the absence of sound sleep, has been meticulously described by ancient scholars in various contexts, such as its connection to Vata Nanatmaja Vikara and Vataja Jwara. Traditional Ayurvedic therapies, known as Panchkarma, offer effective approaches to address Anidra. These therapies include Shirodhara (a continuous stream of warm oil on the forehead), Shirobasti (retaining oil on the head), Shiroabhyang (head massage), Shiropicchu (warm oil application in the ear canal), and Padaabhyang (foot massage). These techniques have proven to be valuable in the treatment of insomnia. In light of recent research findings, it is our aim to delve into the underlying causes, consequences, and potential management strategies for insomnia, all through the unique lens of Ayurvedic wisdom.
Medicinal plants can be used in the development of new drugs in addition to serving as an indigenous source of new compounds with beneficial effects. The medicinal plants and their parts constitute an important wealth. They play a significant role in healthcare services. The main objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Extraction was carried out by cold percolation method. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was determined by agar well diffusion and resazurin dye method against various pathogenic isolates. Antioxidant activity of most effective extract was measured by DPPH and hydrogen peroxide method. Among all the extracts, acetone extract of D. viscosa showed highest activity against B. cereus (24.12±0.94 mm at 40 μl) followed by S. aureus (18.78±0.59 mm) and S. flexneri (17.50±0.50 mm). The lowest concentration required to inhibit the growth of B. cereus was 0.1562 mg/100μl. Phytochemical analysis of most effective acetone extract of D. viscosa revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. D. viscosa acetone extract showed highest DPPH scavenging activity i.e. 80.81±0.24% at a concentration of 300 μg/ml of plant extract. The results indicated that the crude extracts of D. viscosa have a effective antimicrobial potential that provide a source for development of new drug which may be used for the medicinal purposes. Further studies are required to purify the responsible biochemical constituents of important plant materials and also to characterize so as to explore their potential fully.
An experimental to assess the effect of early snow-melting on alpine species at contrasting elevation was established in 2019 at Rohtang (32°22' N; 77°16' E) in western Himalaya. After completion of 02 year of experiment, sampling was performed on 08 alpine plant species. We have collected leaf functional trait and physiological traits during peak growing season (August 2020) from two elevation (3850 and 4150 m) and from control and treatment plots. The trait values of 15 replicates for each species were given here for leaf functional traits (viz. leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf water content, plant height) and trait values of 05 replicated for each species were given for elemental (Nitrogen % and carbon/nitrogen ratio ) and physiological traits (leaf chlorophyll content, Carotenoid content, Malondialdehyde equivalents, Phenol content, Proline content, Total soluble Sugar content, Total protein content). We have provided trait values from both control and treatment plots.
ABSTRACT Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a pivotal diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in pulmonary medicine. Objectives: This research review delves into the multifaceted applications, indications, techniques, and potential advancements of BAL in contemporary medical practice. Methods: Drawing on a systematic review of existing literature, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of BAL’s clinical significance. Results: The review discusses BAL’s evolving role in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary conditions. Conclusion: BAL holds significant clinical value, with ongoing advancements enhancing its applications in pulmonary medicine.
Abstract Global warming is causing the snow to melt earlier than usual, while effects on alpine plant communities remain unclear in magnitude and direction, especially in Himalaya. We simulated early snowmelt (ES) conditions at different elevations over 3 years at an alpine site in Western Himalaya to study how ES affects the sequential phenological events of Himalayan alpine plant species. Experimental ES caused (1) advances in early‐season phenological events (leaf unfolding, first flowering) and delays in late‐season events (end of flowering, leaf senescence); (2) larger shifts in late‐season events; and (3) lengthening of the entire flowering and senescence duration. The magnitudes of change and phenotypic plasticity for all phenological events were species‐specific and larger for upper elevation species compared to lower elevation species. Hence, the extended growing season of Himalayan alpine plants is governed more by delayed autumn leaf senescence than advanced early spring green‐up. The prolonged phenological phases under ES have adaptive advantages, but their energetic efficiency remains uncertain, suggesting further research to clarify how altered phenological phases translate into fitness outcomes under changing alpine conditions.
My research focuses on modern pharmacognosy through the integration of green extraction techniques, advanced analytical chemistry, and meta…