I’m currently pursuing a PhD focused on developing sustainable and intelligent farming solutions by integrating Explainable and Generative AI with IoRT-driven Digital Twins. My research lies at the intersection of AI, agriculture, and sustainability, aiming to make AI-driven farming smarter, accountable, more transparent, and environmentally responsible.
https://www.wisar.ie/staff/muhammad-jawad-bashir/
Outside of academia, I’m deeply passionate about reading, particularly in social and political sciences and what I like to call “unbiased history.” I also find inspiration in classical music and literature, which continually shape my worldview and creativity.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mjawadbashir/
Transitioning to green energy transport systems, notably electric vehicles, is crucial to both combat climate change and enhance urban air quality in developing nations. Urban air quality is pivotal, given its impact on health, necessitating accurate pollutant forecasting and emission reduction strategies to ensure overall well-being. This study forecasts the influence of green energy transport systems on the air quality in Lahore and Islamabad, Pakistan, while noting the projected surge in electric vehicle adoption from less than 1% to 10% within three years. Predicting the impact of this change involves analyzing data before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown led to minimal fossil fuel vehicle usage, resembling a green energy transportation scenario. The novelty of this work is twofold. Firstly, remote sensing data from the Sentinel-5P satellite were utilized to predict air quality index (AQI) trends before, during, and after COVID-19. Secondly, deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM, and machine learning models, including decision tree and random forest regression, were utilized to forecast the levels of NO2, SO2, and CO in the atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that implementing green energy transportation systems in urban centers of developing countries can enhance air quality by approximately 98%. Notably, the bidirectional LSTM model outperformed others in predicting NO2 and SO2 concentrations, while the LSTM model excelled in forecasting CO concentration. These results offer valuable insights into predicting air pollution levels and guiding green energy policies to mitigate the adverse health effects of air pollution.
In the evolving landscape of traffic management and vehicle surveillance, efficient license plate detection and recognition are indispensable. Historically, many methodologies have tackled this challenge, but consistent real-time accuracy, especially in diverse environments, remains elusive. This study examines the performance of YOLOv8 variants on License Plate Recognition (LPR) and Character Recognition tasks, crucial for advancing Intelligent Transportation Systems. Two distinct datasets were employed for training and evaluation, yielding notable findings. The YOLOv8 Nano variant demonstrated a precision of 0.964 and mAP50 of 0.918 on the LPR task, while the YOLOv8 Small variant exhibited a precision of 0.92 and mAP50 of 0.91 on the Character Recognition task. A custom method for character sequencing was introduced, effectively sequencing the detected characters based on their x-axis positions. An optimized pipeline, utilizing YOLOv8 Nano for LPR and YOLOv8 Small for Character Recognition, is proposed. This configuration not only maintains computational efficiency but also ensures high accuracy, establishing a robust foundation for future real-world deployments on edge devices within Intelligent Transportation Systems. This effort marks a significant stride towards the development of smarter and more efficient urban infrastructures.
Agriculture is vital to economic growth, contributing 4% to global GDP and over 25% in some developing countries. Most farming practices are outdated, necessitating modernization for improved efficiency. Advances in deep learning, multi- and hyperspectral imagery (MHSI), UAVs, and agri-bots have revolutionized precision agriculture (PA). Computer vision (CV) techniques, enhanced by MHSI, have automated tasks like crop classification, disease monitoring, and biomass estimation. UAVs assist in field scouting, disease detection, and precision spraying, while agri-bots with IoT sensors facilitate real-time data-driven actions such as fruit picking and weed control. This chapter reviews the latest developments in CV, MHSI, UAVs, and agri-bots, examining current methods, challenges, datasets, and future applications in precision agriculture.
The rapid evolution of Artificial intelligence in healthcare has opened avenues for enhancing various processes, including medical billing and transcription. This paper introduces an innovative approach by integrating AI with Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) to revolutionize the handling of high-dimensional medical data. This AI-enhanced LLE model is specifically tailored to improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical billing systems and transcription services. By automating these processes, the model aims to reduce human error and streamline operations, thereby facilitating faster and more accurate patient care documentation and financial transactions. This paper provides a comprehensive mathematical model of AI-enhanced LLE, demonstrating its application in real-world healthcare scenarios through a series of experiments. The results indicate a significant improvement in data processing accuracy and operational efficiency. This study not only underscores the potential of AI-enhanced LLE in medical data analysis but also sets a foundation for future research into broader healthcare applications.
The integration of the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) in smart greenhouses has revolutionised precision agriculture by enabling efficient and autonomous environmental control. However, existing time series forecasting models in such setups often operate as black boxes, lacking mechanisms for explainable decision-making, which is a critical limitation when trust, transparency, and regulatory compliance are paramount in smart farming practices. This study leverages the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model to automate actuator settings for optimal greenhouse management. To enhance interpretability and trust in the model decision-making process, both local and global explanation techniques were employed using model-inherent interpretation, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), and SHapley additive explanations (SHAP). These explainability methods provide information on how different sensor readings, such as temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, light, and outer climate, contribute to actuator control decisions in an automated greenhouse. The trained TFT model achieved a test accuracy of 95% on a class-imbalanced dataset for actuator control settings in an automated greenhouse environment. The results demonstrate the varying influence of each sensor on real-time greenhouse adjustments, ensuring transparency and enabling adaptive fine-tuning for improved crop yield and resource efficiency.
In the evolving landscape of traffic management and vehicle surveillance, efficient license plate detection and recognition are indispensable. Historically, many methodologies have tackled this challenge, but consistent real-time accuracy, especially in diverse environments, remains elusive. This study examines the performance of YOLOv8 variants on License Plate Recognition (LPR) and Character Recognition tasks, crucial for advancing Intelligent Transportation Systems. Two distinct datasets were employed for training and evaluation, yielding notable findings. The YOLOv8 Nano variant demonstrated a precision of 0.964 and mAP50 of 0.918 on the LPR task, while the YOLOv8 Small variant exhibited a precision of 0.92 and mAP50 of 0.91 on the Character Recognition task. A custom method for character sequencing was introduced, effectively sequencing the detected characters based on their x-axis positions. An optimized pipeline, utilizing YOLOv8 Nano for LPR and YOLOv8 Small for Character Recognition, is proposed. This configuration not only maintains computational efficiency but also ensures high accuracy, establishing a robust foundation for future real-world deployments on edge devices within Intelligent Transportation Systems. This effort marks a significant stride towards the development of smarter and more efficient urban infrastructures.
