Abstract. This essay examines the legitimacy of state power through the lens of contractualist theories advanced by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The analysis addresses the persistent tension between individual liberty and political authority— a pertinent issue to both democratic and authoritarian regimes. Employing a bibliographical and comparative methodology, the authors explore each theorist's perspective on the state of nature, the foundations of the social contract, and the implications for structuring political society. The findings suggest that, while each thinker presents distinct solutions, it remains feasible to conceptualize frameworks that reconcile order with liberty without succumbing to authoritarianism or anarchy. The essay concludes with a critical assessment of the boundaries of legitimate political authority and considers contemporary challenges to individual freedoms.
Authors: Brandão, Iraê César
DOI: 10.29327/7605780
Publish Year: 2025
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