Abstract. This essay examines the history, evolution, and emerging challenges faced by Software Engineering, from its genesis to the present day. Throughout the text, key historical milestones, influential authors, paradigm shifts, such as the Agile Manifesto and its recent impacts of Artificial Intelligence are discussed. The methodology employed was based on a literature review and critical analysis grounded in scientific articles, books, other specialized publications, and historical milestones. Furthermore, the essay addresses the growing superficiality of knowledge in the field, emphasizing the importance of recovering critical thinking and the urgent need to revisit the solid foundations of the discipline. The conclusion highlights that only through a rigorous approach, continuous study, and ethical responsibility will it be possible to build robust, efficient, and sustainable systems. The recovery of historical principles and the reintegration of a critical and reflective practice are essential for the advancement of Software Engineering. The solution does not lie in rejecting new technologies, but in using them with discernment and responsibility.
Authors: BRANDÃO, Iraê César
DOI: 10.29327/7601326
Publish Year: 2025
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