This research paper investigates through mixed methods how vulnerable individuals residing in the U.S. can actively remove personal data from online platforms to defend against cyber threats. Through statutory analysis, manual opt-outs, and third-party removal services, this paper identifies realistic tactics and limitations in removing the digital shadow. For instance, kanary's removal tool only operates on iPhone operation system devices. Likewise, manual inputs to remove personal information from data broker websites can result in retaliation by data broker websites including psychological warfare and reposting of personal information. While free tools offer partial coverage, paid agencies like Norton Reputation Defender present the most comprehensive solutions, particularly against noncompliant data brokers.
Authors: Nicholas Volta
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5386534
Publish Year: 2025
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