People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are frequently confronted with severe social issues such as rejection, abandonment, criticism, and stigma. This would negatively affect their quality of life. Several studies have been conducted so far to assess factors affecting the health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. However, to our knowledge, there is no previous study that has summarized the results of the studies that investigated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among PLWHA in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of HRQOL and its association with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on ART in Ethiopia.
Abstract Forced migration is increasing globally, which has detrimental effects on the physical and mental health of refugees, who may face significant challenges accessing healthcare services. However, refugees also possess considerable strengths or assets that can protect against various health challenges. Identifying and strengthening the individual health assets of refugees is critical to promoting their health and mitigating these health challenges. Yet, there is a paucity of data on refugees’ individual health assets, including tools to measure them. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify and summarise the available measurement tools to assess the individual health assets of refugees. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using six electronic databases and a Google search without restrictions on publication dates. We used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework approach to streamline the review processes. Forty-one eligible studies were included, from which 28 individual health asset tools were identified. Of these, 11 tools were tested for validity in refugee populations. Among the validated tools, the reliability scores for the measures of individual health asset outcomes, including resilience (Child and Youth Resilience Measure, Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale, and Psychological Resilience Scale), acculturation (Vancouver Index of Acculturation and Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and self-efficacy (Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale), ranged from good to excellent. The findings provide guidance for health service planners, humanitarian organisations, and researchers regarding the appropriateness and quality of tools that can be applied to assess individual health assets, which are crucial for designing culturally sensitive asset-based health promotion interventions for refugees.
Background. Maternal mortality is unacceptably high. About 295,000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2017. The vast majority of these deaths (94%) occurred in low-resource settings, and most could have been prevented. Methods. This research is based on a cross-sectional study using 2016 EDHS data. The analysis included 7,590 women who had given birth in the five years prior to the survey. Clusters with high and low hot spots with institutional delivery were found using SatScan spatial statistical analysis. A multilevel multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression was utilized to discover characteristics associated with institutional delivery. Result. In this study, 33.25% of women who gave birth in the last 5 years preceding the survey delivered their babies at health institutions. The finding also indicated that the spatial distribution of institutional delivery was nonrandom in the country. Variables achieving statically significant association with utilization of institutional delivery were as follows: at the individual level, richness (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.39–3.41), higher education (AOR = 3.89, 95%CI: 1.51–10.01), a number of antenatal care visits of four and above (AOR = 6.57, 95%CI: 4.83–8.94), and parity of more than two children (AOR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.34–0.68); at the community level, higher education (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.22–2.36) and urban residence (AOR = 5.30, 95%CI: 3.10–9.06) were variables that had achieved statically significant association for utilization of institutional delivery. Conclusions. This study identified a spatial cluster of institutional delivery with the Somali and Afar region having low utilization rates and Addis Ababa and Tigray regions having the highest utilization rates. The significant individual factors associated with institution delivery were woman antenatal care visits, household wealth index, maternal education, and parity, and the significant community ones were region, place of residence, and educational status. Therefore, to maximize health facility delivery in Ethiopia, the predictors of institutional delivery identified in this study should be given more attention by governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders.
In underdeveloped nations, cultural norms that are harmful to women's health, such as food taboos, are responsible for five to fifteen percent of pregnancy-related deaths. Food Taboo traditions prevent women from consuming particular foods, which reduces dietary diversity and food quality and may have detrimental nutritional effects. However, little is known about Ethiopia's dietary taboos and related issues. So, the purpose of this study was to find out how common food taboos are among pregnant women in agro pastoralist settings, as well as the accompanying factors. 636 pregnant women were enrolled in a community-based cross-sectional study using a two-stage cluster sampling strategy, distributed over seven clusters. Data were exported from Epi Data version 3.01 to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 after being entered. The prevalence of dietary taboos in this study was 67.4% (95% CI: 63.7%, 71.1%). Food taboos were independently and significantly predicted by lack of formal education [AOR = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.583, 4.496), low wealth index [AOR = 2.26 (95% CI: 1.173, 4.353)], absence of antenatal care visits [AOR = 6.16 (95% CI: 4.996, 10.128), lack of knowledge of maternal nutrition [AOR = 4.94 (95% CI: 3.799, 8.748)], and negative attitude toward maternal nutrition [ In the research area, dietary taboos were very common. Food taboos were independently predicted by low wealth index, lack of maternity care visits, lack of formal education, ignorance of maternal nutrition, and unfavorable attitudes. Therefore, it is highly advised that strong community-based maternal nutrition education and counseling, raising women's income, and preparing young women for study in order to improve their educational standing be implemented.
Abstract Food taboos have a negative impact on pregnant women and their fetuses by preventing them from consuming vital foods. Previous research found that pregnant women avoided certain foods during their pregnancy for a variety of reasons. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of food taboo practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, we searched the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE, AJOL (African Journal Online), HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Google electronic databases. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of food taboo and its determinants at a 95% confidence interval with their respective odds ratios. The pooled food taboo practice among Ethiopian pregnant women was 34.22% (95% CI 25.47–42.96), and after adjustment for publication bias with the trim-and-fill analysis, the pooled food taboo practice of pregnant women was changed to 21.31% (95% CI: 10.85–31.67%). Having less than a secondary education level (OR = 3.57; 95% CI 1.43–8.89), having no ANC follow-up (OR = 4.35; 95% CI 1.12–16.94), and being a rural resident (OR = 3.08; 95% CI 1.14–8.28) were the significant factors. Dairy products, some fruits, green leafy vegetables, meat, and honey are among the taboo foods. The most frequently stated reasons for this taboo practice were: fear of producing a big fetus, which is difficult during delivery; attachment to the fetus's body or head; and fear of fetal abnormality.
Background Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia that has a profound impact on the health care system. However, no systematic synthesis and meta-analysis has been performed to depict the national prevalence. Hence, we authors aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 eligible studies on the national prevalence of DM and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. We searched PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, from August 01 up to October 28, 2021, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Analysis was done using STATA version 14 software. Heterogeneity was checked using the I-squared test, and the publication bias was examined by funnel plot and eggers test. Moreover, Sensitivity analysis was done to check the influence of small studies on the outcome. The trim and fill analysis was performed to estimate the potentially missing articles because of publication bias. Result Total of 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included and the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was 6.26 (95%CI: 4.74–7.78). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the studies conducted in 2017 and before was 4.56 (95%CI: 2.98–6.14) but in studies done after 2017 was 7.55(95%CI: 4.69–10.41). The burden of diabetes mellitus was 5.79 times higher among those adults who had central obesity (OR = 5.79; 95%CI; 3.14–10.70), 5.70 times higher among adults who had overweight/obesity (OR = 5.70, 95%CI: 3.35–9.70). Conclusion The national prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Ethiopia was higher and associated with central obesity, and overweight/obesity. Hence, the government of Ethiopia and stakeholders should give attention to strengthen the current health system regarding non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight.
Background: According to ILO estimates, at least 180 million children aged 5 to 14 years are currently engaged in fulltime work in the developing countries. However, very little information exists about childhood behavioral and mental disorders in Ethiopia. Objective: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence and describe the nature of behavioral and mental health problems, as well as child abuse, nutritional problems, gross physical illness and injury among child laborers aged 8 to 15 years in Ethiopia. However, only the behavioral and mental health problems of the study population are examined here. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 8 to 15 years, and who were engaged in fulltime work in different formal and informal sectors non-laborers, was conducted in four major towns of Ethiopia. The screening instrument known as Reported Questionnaire on Children (RQC) and a diagnostic instrument known as the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents ( DICA) were used to detect symptoms and signs of behavioral and mental problems in the children. br> Results: A total of 2000 child laborers and 400 non-laborers were interviewed using RQC to screen for probable cases of behavioral and mental problems. Of these, 50% of the laborers and 42% of the non-laborers were males. The mean age of the laborers was 13.8 ±1.8 years while that of the non-laborers was 12.2 ±2.1 years. More females (76.8%) were found to have been engaged in domestic labor than males. The RQC interview screened 9.4% (n=226) of the children as probable cases of mental/ behavioral disorders, (14.0% non-laborers and 8.5% laborers). The second stage DICA interview gave an overall prevalence of 5.5% (4.9% in laborers and 8.8% in non-laborers). Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood behavioral and mental disorders in this study is within the range reported in previews studies conducted on children of the same age group. However, the lower prevalence of childhood disorders in the child laborers compared to that of the non-laborers found in the current study is probably due to selection bias or healthy workers effect. Thus, further study is recommended to explain this unexpected finding. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 20 (2) 2006: 119-126
Various communicable and infectious diseases could be contained by proper hand washing leading to a reduction in mortality and morbidity of children.To assess predictors of hand-washing practices at critical times among mothers of under 5 years old children in rural setting of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 422 women with children under the age of 5 attended the Dilla Zuria health facility and were chosen using a systematic sampling method. Data was gathered using pre-tested interview-administered structured questionnaires. Data was entered into EPI info version 17 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the association between dependent and independent variables. Finally, for variables with a P < .05 in multivariable analysis, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined and interpreted.The hand washing practice of mothers at critical times was 44.9% [95% CI: 40.1, 49.7%]. The pertinent predictors were favorable attitude [AOR = 7.77, 95% CI: 4.56, 10.37], availability of water source near the household [AOR = 5.31, 95% CI: 3.56, 10.37], and constant availability of soaps at household [AOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.33, 6.70].In our study, hand-washing practices at critical times was low. The pertinent predictors were attitude, the presence of a water source near the household, and the presence of soap. Therefore, it is advised to encourage domestic hygiene education to improve mothers' attitudes and to increase the availability of water and soap close to the household to promote handwashing with soap and water at critical times.
Primary postpartum hemorrhage is still the main cause of maternal death worldwide, especially in low-resource nations like Ethiopia where there are insufficient healthcare facilities and a shortage of skilled medical personnel. Data on the prevalence of primary postpartum hemorrhage in the study population are scarce or non-existent.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of primary postpartum hemorrhage and its associated factors among delivering women in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, in 2021.A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1 to March 30, 2021, in public health facilities in the Gedeo Zone. A randomly selected 577 participants were involved in the study. Data were gathered using an interview-administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The gathered information was imported into Epi Info 3.5.1 and analyzed with SPSS 23. Descriptive data was presented using tables and graphs. A logistic regression model was fitted. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was computed to identify the presence and strength of association. To run multivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with P-values of <0.2 were used. The odds ratio, a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a P-value of <0.05 were used to identify variables that were associated with primary postpartum hemorrhage.The magnitude of primary postpartum hemorrhage was 4.2% (95% CI: 2.4-6.0). Postpartum hemorrhage was significantly associated with current antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 11.67; 95%CI: 7.17-16.17), twin delivery (AOR = 6.59, 95%CI: 1.48-11.70), uterine atony (AOR = 8.45, 95%CI: 4.35-12.55), and prolonged labor (AOR = 5.6, 95%CI: 2.9-8.50).The prevalence of primary postpartum hemorrhages in the Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia was 4.2%. Current ante partum hemorrhage, twin delivery, uterine atony, and prolonged labor were predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage. The results back up the necessity for care in the early postpartum period so that clinicians may quickly identify any issues, prevent and start treating excessive blood loss early, and, taking into account the aforementioned factors, possibly reduce the frequency of primary postpartum hemorrhage.
Background Low-quality health care services are linked to a variety of health problems, which can have negative effects on adolescent and youth health. As a result, national data is crucial to providing high-quality healthcare to adolescents and youths in order to promote their health, wellness, and growth. Objective To examine the quality of young people's sexual and reproductive health care services and factors associated with service satisfaction in Ethiopia. Methods This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. We reviewed published data related to the quality of adolescent and youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services (AYSRHS) in Ethiopia from January 02, 2002 to December 30, 2022. Relevant studies were identified through Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and HINARI. The extracted data was imported into STATA version 14.0 software for analysis. Heterogeneity among the reported prevalence of studies was checked using χ 2 and I 2 tests. The publication bias was examined by Egger's correlation and Begg's regression intercept tests at a 5% significance level. Results The national pooled magnitude of structural, process, and output dimensions of quality of AYSRHS is 54.22% (95% CI: 33.21, 75.24%), 35.44% (95% CI: 24.95, 45.93%), and 57.01% (95% CI: 50.32, 63.7%), respectively. Being female (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.14–2.27), employed (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.06–3.14), waiting &lt;30 min to get services (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.69–4.31), and getting information on the availability of services (AOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15–2.11) were significantly associated with client satisfaction with AYSRHS. Conclusion The overall magnitude of quality of AYSRHS in the three dimensions is far below WHO quality standards, which are 75 percent for good quality. Sex, employment status, waiting time to get services, and information on the availability of services were significantly associated with client satisfaction with AYSRHS. Therefore, different stakeholders on different levels should work together to strengthen the quality of AYSRHS concidering the above factors. Systematic review registration Identifier [CRD42023422667].
Background Nowadays, malnutrition among the advanced age (60 years and older) population is becoming a public health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries including Africa. Hence, the prevalence in Africa is still not known. So, this review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition among the advanced age population in Africa. Methods A study search was carried out using databases (such as African Journals Online, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, Embess, and PubMed) and gray literature following PRISMA guidelines from April 20, 2022, to May 30, 2022, with no restriction on date of publication. We used a standardized extraction format to compile eligible studies as per the inclusion criteria. Then, systematic review and meta-analysis were employed using a random effect model to obtain the pooled prevalence of malnutrition among aged population living in Africa. The counter-funnel plot and at the 5% significance level, Egger’s test and Begg’s test were used to check for publication bias. Furthermore, a meta-regression analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between the outcome of interest and different predictors. Results A total of 731 studies were identified and 28 met the inclusion criteria, which were conducted in 17 African countries. The pooled prevalence of under-nutrition in Africa was 17% (95%CI; 13.5–20.6). The prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly varied significantly across countries, ranging from 1.8% (95% CI; 0.96–2.63) in South Africa to 39.47% (95% CI; 31.70–47.24) in Kenya. According to meta-regression analysis, the likelihood of a malnutrition problem would be reduced by a factor of 9.84 (β = -9.84, 95 percent CI; _-14.97, -4.70, P = 0.00) in upper-middle income countries. In addition, based on the publication year, malnutrition has decreased by a factor of 0.75 (β = -0.75, 95%CI:-1.49, -0.01, P = 0.04) from 1998 to 2021. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of malnutrition among the aged population. So, this underserved population should be targeted for intervention programs and/or integrated into maternal and child nutrition programs.
Objective. To assess the pooled prevalence of mothers’ or caregivers’ healthcare-seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea, fever, and respiratory tract infections and associated factors in Ethiopia. Study Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. Literature searches were conducted through databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, CINHAL, ScienceDirect, HINARI, and gray literatures) from September 1 to 30, 2021, using key terms in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The characteristics of the original articles were described using text and tables. Heterogeneity among the reported prevalence of studies was checked by using a heterogeneity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <msup> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math> test and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>I</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math> test. Publication bias was examined by performing Egger’s correlation and Begg’s regression intercept tests at a 5% significant level. A random-effect model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcome variable and its determinants in Ethiopia. Results. Of the total identified studies, 25 studies were included in the review, with a total of 29,993 study participants. The overall pooled prevalence of mothers’ or caregivers’ health-seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea, fever, and respiratory tract infections was 60.33% (95% CI: 50.14-70.52). The significant factors were residence ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <mtext>AOR</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3.06</mn> </math> , 95% CI: 1.11–8.39), wealth index ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <mtext>AOR</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.18</mn> </math> , 95% CI: 1.92-2.48), perceived severity of illness ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <mtext>AOR</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.7</mn> </math> , 95% CI: 1.12–6.51), and knowledge of the illness ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <mtext>AOR</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.95</mn> </math> , 95% CI: 1.37–2.75). Conclusion. This review suggests that the overall pooled prevalence of mothers’ or caregivers’ HSB for childhood diarrhea, fever, and respiratory tract infections was 60.33%. Residence, wealth index, perceived severity of illness, and knowledge of the illness by mothers were the significant factors. Therefore, providing interventions by considering the above factors will improve the overall seeking behavior.
Obstetric fistula among women of reproductive age is a significant public health issue in developing countries, including Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the pooled awareness of obstetric fistula among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa and its variation between countries have not yet been studied. Hence, the review aims to assess variability and awareness of obstetric fistula among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan African Countries.Articles were searched using different electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of science, science direct (Scopus), Google scholar, and HINARI and manual search without regard to publication date. A random-effects model was used to ascertain the pooled prevalence of obstetric fistula awareness among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa. Publication bias was checked by using funnel plot and Egger's test at a 5% level of significance. I2 test statistics was performed to evaluate heterogeneity among included studies. In addition, to identify the possible reason for the potential heterogeneity between the studies, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were conducted. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of individual research on the overall results. The data were extracted by using Microsoft excel and analyzed using statistical software STATA/SE version 17.A total of 22 studies with 79,693 women of reproductive age were included in this systematic review and meta-analyses. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the pooled prevalence of awareness towards obstetric fistula among women of reproductive age was 40.85% (95% CI: 33.48, 48.22%). Analysis of the subgroups by specific countries revealed significant variation. The highest awareness of obstetric fistula was found among Tanzanian women of reproductive age (61.10%, 95% CI: 55.87-66.33%), whereas the lowest awareness was found in research from the Gambia (12.80%, 95% CI: 12.20-13.40%).The likelihood of obstetric fistula awareness were lower by a factor of 0.424 among studies with sample sizes greater than 3542 (β = -0.424 (95% CI: -0.767 to 0.081), p -value <0.05).According to the current review, there is a low level of awareness about obstetric fistula among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa, and the results of the sub-group analysis by country showed wide variations. Therefore, we emphasize the need for country-specific public health initiatives to raise awareness about obstetric fistula among women of reproductive age, which could reduce the risk of delayed treatment.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is becoming one of the major health problems in developing countries.The number of adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide is increasing over time.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in T2DM.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associated factors among diabetic patients at the MRC clinic of Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH).Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019 .A total of 216 diabetic individuals were selected with a convenient sampling technique from patients on follow-up at DURH MRC.Data were collected using a structured format.The diagnosis of CVD was made with the necessary diagnostic tests and examination.The data analysis was done in SPSS software version 20.Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with cardiovascular disease.Results: A total of 216 patients participated in the study and the mean age of the study participants was 30 years; 83.3% of the study participants were male.The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 25% of which 57% were ischemic heart disease, 32% were hypertensive and 10% were stroke.Duration of DM for more than 10 years and diabetic drug discontinuation were factors associated with cardiovascular disease.Odds of CVD was nearly four times more in those whose duration of DM is more than 10 years (AOR=4.00,95% CI: 2.386-6.705)and odds of CVD among those who discontinued medication were almost three times more, (AOR=2.98,95% CI: 1.287-6.080). Conclusion:A quarter of the diabetic population studied developed CVD.Duration of DM for more than 10 years and drug discontinuation are independent associated factors of CVD.Hence appropriate intervention at early stages should be implemented at primary healthcare level.
Lactating women are more vulnerable to malnutrition due to increased physiological demands, the lactogenesis process, consuming an undiversified monotonous diet, and increased nutrient needs during lactation. However, meeting minimum standards of dietary diversity for lactating mothers is a challenge in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. As a result, the purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary diversity and associated factors among breastfeeding mothers. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 665 lactating mothers from their kebeles. Face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire were used to collect data. Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the important predictors of maternal dietary diversity. Variables having p < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted to multivariate analysis. The odds ratio, P-value <0.05, and 95% CI were computed to show the association of variables. A total of 665 lactating women participated, with a response rate of 96.2%. Only 163 (24.5 %) mothers satisfied the minimal dietary diversity criteria. Mothers' dietary diversity was significantly associated with their education status [AOR 5.173 (2.132-12.552)], head of household [AOR 3.822 (2.290-6.378)], family size [AOR 5.358 (2.838-10.116)], and meal frequency [AOR 3.379 (1.789-6.380). One in every four mothers met the dietary diversity standard. Concerned bodies should consider ensuring large-scale interventions that focus on the identified factors to improve dietary diversity practices.
BackgroundPhysical inactivity is one of the most significant risk factors for hypertension, which is currently a serious public health concern in developing nations, including Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude of physical inactivity and its association with hypertension among adults in Ethiopia.MethodsWe authors searched articles using PubMed, Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, and manual search of unpublished research articles from March 10, 2021, to June 15, 2021. Data extraction and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel16 and STATA version 14 software, respectively. The quality of eligible studies was checked using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal assessment tool. Heterogeneity of the included studies was tested using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was checked using the Egger's test.ResultsA total of 7036 adults were included, and the pooled magnitude of physical inactivity among adults was found to be 57.44% (95% CI: 44.94–69.98). Adults who do not perform physical activity were 2.55 (95% CI: 1.08–6.01) times more likely to be hypertensive compared with their counterparts. Subgroup analysis revealed that the magnitude of physical inactivity was higher among studies done in 2016 and onwards 63.01 (95% CI: 47.76–78.26) compared to studies conducted before 2016, 50.80% (95% CI: 30.23–71.37).ConclusionsThe pooled magnitude of physical inactivity among adults was high, and a risk factor for hypertension in adults. Thus, community engagements and integration of physical activity with the existing health system are the best strategies to decrease the increment of the magnitude of hypertension among adults.
Under nutrition and human immune deficiency virus/HIV have a vicious cycle. This study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of under nutrition and determinants among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Google scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library and web of science data bases were searched. Studies were assessed using risk of bias assessment tool. The heterogeneity of study was assessed using I2 test statistics. Data were pooled and a random effect meta-analysis model was fitted to provide the prevalence of under nutrition. Twenty-one studies that satisfy the eligibility criteria were included. The pooled prevalence of under nutrition among adults receiving ART was 27.4% (95% CI: 24.4-31.4). The pooled analysis showed that lack of RUTF was more likely to lead to under nutrition [AOR=2.34 (95%CI: 1.85- 3.85)]. Also under nutrition was more likely among adults receiving ART with WHO clinical stage four [AOR=2.01 (95%CI: 1.91- 3.82). The pooled prevalence of under nutrition was high and Lack of RUTF as well as WHO clinical stage 4 showed significant associations with under nutrition. This finding has implication to develop policy to improve under nutrition and to continue RUTF supplement program as an integral part of HIV/AIDS continuum of care.
Background: Over-nutrition and diet-linked non-communicable morbidities are showing increasing trend overtime. Even if there are different factors that affect the change in BMI other than ART, several authors have reported increases in BMI among PLHIV on treatment that are equal to or surpass the general population. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adult HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia. Method: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, global health and Google scholar electronic databases were used to perform a systematic literature search. Two authors independently extracted all the necessary data using a structured data extraction format. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I 2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot and Egger’s test. Result: Two thousand seven hundred and fifty-one studies were reviewed and 13 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 13 studies, comprising 4994 participants resulted in pooled prevalence of overweight to be 17.85% (95% CI: 12.22-23.47). Whereas, the pooled prevalence of overweight was found to be 3.90 (95% CI: 2.31-5.49) but after adjusting for publication bias using trim and fill analysis it has become 3.58 (95% CI: 2.04-5.13). Magnitude of both overweight and obesity was higher in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, studies done after 2016 and studies having sample size of less than 400, in subgroup analysis. Conclusion: The magnitude of overweight and obesity among HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia is high. There is a need to have a routine screening to PLWHA on the risk of over-nutrition in order to facilitate early detection.
Introduction: Pregnancy is a crucial period within newborns' 1000-day nutritional window of opportunity. However, accessing adequate and culturally acceptable foods during this time can be challenging, particularly in developing countries. In Ethiopia, food taboos related to specific foods during pregnancy persist and impact the achievement of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) goals. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence on food taboos and their impact on pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic search and thematic analysis of qualitative studies on food taboos and pregnancy in Ethiopia published between 2010 and 2020 were conducted. Eight articles that met the COREQ checklist criteria were retrieved from various databases including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Global Health, and Google Scholar. Results: The included studies revealed a consistent trend of food taboos among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Restricting certain food items was identified as a common practice throughout the country, with a reduction in meal portions and frequency observed as the gestational period progressed. These taboos were based on the perception that excessive weight gain during pregnancy could lead to complications during delivery and that the food consumed by the mother directly impacts the fetus in the womb. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review highlight the impact of food taboos on pregnant women in Ethiopia. These norms are contrary to mothers encouraged gestational weight gain and can lead to low birth weight. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed to change the perception of mothers and influence community members to promote MNCH.
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The availability of adequate iodized dietary salt at the household level is immensely important. Hence, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt at the household level and its associated factors in Ethiopia.We searched the literature using electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Embase) and gray literature from January 9, 2022, to February 25, 2022. The rapid test kit was used to measure the adequacy of iodine level of dietary salt. The quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using I2 test statistics and publication bias was checked using funnel plot and Egger's statistical test at a 5% significance level. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcome variable and its determinants in Ethiopia.The search identified 149 studies of which 18 studies were included with a total of 10,556 participants. The pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels of iodized salt in Ethiopia was 44.37% (95% CI: 35.85-52.88). Women who had formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.47-2.48)), good knowledge of women (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36-3.36), packed iodized salt (AOR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.88-7.87)) and storage of iodized salt at home for less than 2 months (AOR = 2.66 (95% CI: 2.11-3.35) were the significant factors.This review suggests that the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels was low. Our finding highlights the need for considering the educational status, knowledge, and duration of salt storage to enhance the prevalence of adequate levels of iodized salt at the national level.
In Ethiopia, perinatal mortality rate was 33 per 1000 pregnancies and 64.4% of this death was occurred within the first 7 days of neonatal life. Moreover, more than 2.1% of new born babies were died within their first seven days of life in Ethiopia. Majority of neonatal deaths are preventable by applying an effective and lifesaving interventions. However, little is known about newborn care practice at the community level.A community-based cross-sectional study design was used. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to get a total of 540 mothers who gave birth at home within the past six months from their kebeles in Ethiopia. Data was collected by using face-to-face interview with structured questionnaires. Then the data was coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidemiological data version 3.1 and exported to statistical package for social science version 23.0 for analyses. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify statistically significant associations between dependent and independent variables. The odds ratio at 95% confidence interval with P-Value 0.05% was computed.A total of 540 women were participated with a response rate of 98.3%. Only 208 (44%) of the women had good practice towards essential newborn care. Head of households [AOR (95%CI) 2.7417 (1.80-4.25)], type of birth attendant [AOR (95%CI) 3.962 (3.329-7.171)] and bad obstetrical history [AOR (95%CI) 3.151 (2.209-4.969)] were significantly associated with maternal newborn care practice.Less than half of the mothers had good newborn care practice. In this study, head of household, type of birth attendant, and bad obstetrical history were significantly associated with maternal newborn care practice. Therefore, Ministry of Women and Woreda women and Child offices needs to promote the socioeconomic empowerment of women to increase the practice of essential newborn care practices.
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold>: Globally, there were an estimated 289,000 maternal deaths in 2013, yielding Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 210 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Still, now maternal mortality in Ethiopia is the highest in the world.<bold>Methods</bold>: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2016 EDHS. A total of 7590 women who gave birth in the last 5 years preceding the survey were included in the analysis was carried out by using Geographic information system and clusters with high and low hotspots with institutional delivery were identified using Sat Scan spatial statistical analysis. A multilevel multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with institutional delivery.<bold>Result</bold>: In this study, 33.25% of women who gave birth in the last 5 years preceding the survey were delivered at the health institution. The finding also indicated that the spatial distribution of institutional delivery was non-random in the country. At the individual level, the riches (AOR=2.18,95%CI:1.39-3.41), higher education(AOR=3.89,95%CI:1.51-10.01), four and above the number of antenatal care visits (AOR=6.57,95%CI:4.83-8.94) and parity more than two children(AOR=0.48,95%CI:0.34-0.68), and at the community level, higher education (AOR=1.70,95%CI:1.22-2.36), urban residence (AOR=5.30, 95%CI:3.10-9.06), were variables that had achieved statically significant association for utilization of institutional delivery<bold>Conclusions</bold>: This study identified a spatial cluster of institutional delivery of Somali and Afar region have low utilization rates and Addis Ababa and Tigray regions have the highest utilization rate. The significant associated factors of institution delivery were Individual factor of woman antenatal care visit, Household wealth index, Maternal education, Parity, and Community factor of Region, Place of residence, and Educational status, Therefore, to maximize health facility delivery in Ethiopia, the predictors of institutional delivery identified in this study should be given more attention by governmental and non-governmental stakeholders
A "risky sexual practice" is any sexual act that might put an individual's social, physical, and psychological health at risk and increase the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. Street children have risky sexual practices, which place them at all kinds of health risks. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess risky sexual practices and associated factors among street children in Wonago Town, southern Ethiopia.A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. About 214 street children, aged 10-18, residing in Wonago Town from September 1-30, 2021, participated in the study. Data was gathered from all of the street children in Wonago town. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Epi data software was used to enter the collected data, which was then exported to SPSS for analysis. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the associated factors. A p value <0.05 was used to declare the significant variables.A total of 214 street children were involved in the study. Overall, the magnitude of risky sexual practices was 43.46 percent (95% CI: 38.3-48.62). About 52.7% of participants had ever had sexual intercourse in the last year, and of them, around 43.5% had more than one sexual partner. Among sexually active street children, 40.9% never used a condom during sexual intercourse. Age (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 1.42, 95%CI: 1.03-2.37), educational status (AOR: 5.73, 95%CI: 1.49-10.51), substance use (AOR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.03-2.07), duration on the street (AOR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.03-4.12), and daily income (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.32-0.98) were found to be significantly associated with risky sexual practices.Risky sexual practices among street children were more prevalent in Wonago Town, Southern Ethiopia. Children's age, educational status, daily income, duration on the street, and status of substance use were the factors that contributed to risky sexual practices. As a result, conducting information and education campaigns, developing income-generating activities for children, increasing children's school enrollment and attendance, improving access to sexual and reproductive health services, and providing capacity-building training for health care providers may all help to reduce risky sexual practices.
Abstract Introduction:Covid 19 pandemic can seriously affect African nations because of the weak health care system, crowding, poor hygiene in the cities, and the random mobility of people. Hospital-based interventions are not a good choice for resource-scarce countries which have shortages of hospital beds, ventilators, and oxygen; rather practicing preventive measures at a community level is the best strategy. There is a shortage of evidence about current public adherence with COVID-19 preventive strategies in Ethiopia, therefore this study helps to target health education messages to groups of populations with poor compliance to specific prevention measures, which also contribute to decreasing the magnitude and duration of the pandemic.Methods:A Community based cross-sectional study was done on 405 participants selected by systematic random sampling in Shashemane. Data was collected using A pretested structured tool comprising socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and adherence with COVID-19 prevention practice. Participants who practiced ≥ 75% of the COVID-19 preventive practices were labeled as having “good adherence”. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the associated variables. Odds ratios along with 95%CI were estimated to identify associated factors and a level of statistical significance was decided at p -value less than 0.05.Result:The practice of COVID-19 preventive measures was 19.5%, (95% CI: 15–24.5%). Having a favorable attitude (AOR = 5, 95% CI: 3.3–8.41), having good knowledge of the disease (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 2.74– 9.3) and educational status (Diploma and above) (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2– 9.39) were significantly associated factors with the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures.Conclusion:The Adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices was very low, educational status above Diploma, good knowledge, and Favorable attitude were the factors positively and independently associated with good adherence to Covid-19 prevention practices. Behavioral change communication and Strict government law and implementing it are highly required.
Background: Nutrient deficiencies are a public health concern among pregnant women in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of nutrients among pregnant women in Dilla, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. We employed a day-weighted food record method among 71 pregnant mothers. All the foods consumed by pregnant women were weighed using digital weight scales. Data collectors and supervisors were trained in data collection techniquesand procedures. Calibration of equipment and standardized techniques were used to minimize random anthropometric measurement errors. Data entry was done using SPSS version 25 and NutriSurvey2007 and exported to Intake, Monitoring Assessment and Planning Program (IMAPP) software to estimate the usual nutrient intake and prevalence of nutrient inadequacy.Results: The current study indicated that energy, protein, and micronutrient intakes (iron, folic acid, and calcium) among pregnant women in the study area were low as compared to the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reference nutrient intake. The inadequacy of selected micronutrient intakes such as vitamin-A, vitamin-C, iron, calcium, and zinc for pregnant women by comparing usual nutrient intake with the estimated average requirement (EAR) cutoff point. Calcium, vitamin-C, and vitamin-A deficiency were prevalent in 98.47, 95.52, and 72.28 percent of the population, respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of risk of nutrient inadequacy (calcium, vitamin-A, and vitamin-C) among pregnant mothers was high. Therefore, multiple micronutrient supplementation and provision of nutrient-dense food-based interventions need to be considered. Furthermore, multisectoral collaboration on the nutrition-sensitive and specificity intervention is also needed
Objective This study aimed to assess the determinants of underweight among returnees lactating mothers in governmental health facilities of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Design Case–control study. Setting Gedeb District governmental health facilities. Participants A total of 264 returnees lactating mothers (88 cases and 176 controls) were randomly selected from four health institutions of Gedeb District. Outcome measures Underweight was measured by anthropometric measurement weight/height 2 . An institutional-based unmatched case–control study was conducted from 11 July 2022 to 20 September 2022. The study involved 264 returnee lactating mothers, with 88 classified as cases (body mass index, BMI<18.5 kg/m²) and 176 as controls (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²). Participants were selected through simple random sampling from public health institutions. Data were collected on sociodemographic, reproductive and nutritional factors using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant determinants of maternal underweight. Result The study identified several key determinants of underweight. Returnee lactating mothers with a short birth interval (<24 months) were significantly more likely to be underweight (adjusted OR (AOR) 4.04, 95% CI 1.68 to 9.74). Unplanned pregnancies (AOR 7.60, 95% CI 3.14 to 18.41), home deliveries (AOR 5.81, 95% CI 2.09 to 16.14) and meals frequency <3 per day (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.12 to 5.63) were also strongly associated with increased risk of underweight. Inadequate dietary diversity (AOR 3.92, 95% CI 1.52 to 10.15) and food insecurity (AOR 4.72, 95% CI 1.77 to 12.61) further contributed to the risk. Poor socioeconomic status was associated with a higher likelihood of being underweight (AOR 4.38, 95% CI 1.49 to 12.82). Conclusion The study highlights significant factors contributing to maternal underweight among returnee lactating mothers. Addressing short birth intervals, unplanned pregnancies, dietary diversity and food insecurity is crucial. Policy-makers should focus on targeted interventions to improve maternal health, with special emphasis on returnee lactating mothers. Enhanced healthcare access, nutritional support and socioeconomic development are essential for mitigating underweight and improving overall health outcomes.
Purpose Achieving optimal nutrition among mothers and children is still a challenge in many developing country settings, including Ethiopia. Study on dietary diversity concordance of mother-to-child dyads is limited. Hence, this study aims to assess dietary diversity concordance among mother-to-child pairs and its associated factors in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, from January 1 to February 15, 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected by using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were done by Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used. Variables with p < 0.25 at bivariate analysis were chosen for multivariate analysis. Variables with a p -value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Findings A total of 665 mother and child dyads participated, with a response rate of 98.6%. High concordance of dietary diversity among mother-to-child pairs was 9%. Age of the mother (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.05–0.84), age of the child between 6 and 11 months (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.3–11.6), being female (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0–3.4), previous history of infection (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.8–11.5), source of food from the market (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.81) and rich wealth index (AOR = 5.7; 95% CI: 2.5–12.9) were the significant factors of high concordance of dietary diversity. Originality/value The prevalence of high-concordant dietary diversity among mother and children dyads was very low. Therefore, ensuring multisectoral nutrition interventions that focus on both mothers and children should be considered to improve the good dietary diversity practice.
Background: Adequate infant and young child feeding during the first 1000 days of life is very essential to improve child health, survival, growth and development through adequate minimum dietary diversity (MDD). Hence, this study aimed to assess MDD and its multi-level factors among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.Methods: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-2016) data were used to identify both individual and community-level factors. Weighted samples of 2,962 children were eligible and a multi-level regression model was used for the analysis. Finally, factors with a P-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of MDD among children in Ethiopia was 13.67%. According to this study, the significant associated factors at the individual level were having a mother who attended higher education (AOR=2.72, (95%CI; _1.54-4.80)) and secondary education (AOR=1.68, (95% CI; _ 1.06-2.68)), mother’s agricultural occupation (AOR=1.57, (95% CI_, 1.06-2.31)) and living in the household with richest wealth index (AOR=3.20, (95%CI; _1.74-5.91)). And at the community level children residing in Benishangul (AOR=3.38, (95%CI; _ 1.75-6.51)), Oromiya (AOR=2.99 (95%CI_1.63-5.48)), Addis Ababa (AOR=2.62, (95%CI_1.32-5.22)), and Amhara (AOR=0.25, (95% CI; - 0.09-0.64)) regional states were getting adequate MDD.Conclusion: Educational and occupational status of the mother, wealth index and region were significantly associated with MDD. Therefore, addressing the above factors will help the level of diversified food consumption among children.Funding Information: Funding is not applicable for this study. Declaration of Interests: All authors declared that no competing interest in this study. Ethics Approval Statement: To conduct this study, ethical approval letter for the use of the EDHS data set gained from the Measure DHS (ORC MACRO). No information was obtained from the data set disclosed to any third person.
Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic can seriously affect African nations because of the weak health care system, crowding, poor hygiene in the cities, and the random mobility of people. Hospital-based interventions are not a good choice for resource-scarce countries which have shortages of hospital beds, ventilators, and oxygen; rather practicing preventive measures at a community level is the best strategy. There is a shortage of evidence about current public adherence with COVID-19 preventive strategies in Ethiopia, therefore this study helps to target health education messages to groups of populations with poor compliance to specific prevention measures, which also contribute to decreasing the magnitude and duration of the pandemic.Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was done on 405 participants selected by systematic random sampling in Shashemane. Data was collected using A pretested structured tool comprising socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and adherence with COVID-19 prevention practice. Participants who practiced ≥75% of the COVID-19 preventive practices were labeled as having "good adherence". Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the associated variables. Odds ratios along with 95%CI were estimated to identify associated factors and a level of statistical significance was decided at p -value less than 0.05.Result: The practice of COVID-19 preventive measures was 19.5%, (95% CI: 15–24.5%). Having a favorable attitude (AOR = 5, 95% CI: 3.3 – 8.41), having good knowledge of the disease (AOR =3, 95% CI: 2.74– 9.3) and educational status (Diploma and above) (AOR =5.5, 95% CI: 2– 9.39) were significantly associated factors with the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures.Conclusion: The Adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices was very low, educational status above Diploma, good knowledge, and Favorable attitude were the factors positively and independently associated with good adherence to Covid-19 prevention practices. Behavioral change communication and Strict government law and implementing it are highly required.Funding: We would like to thank Paradise Valley College for funding this research.Declaration of Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.Ethics Approval Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was received from Paradise Valley College. Verbal consent was obtained from each respondent before actual data collection.
We are seeking 1–2 collaborators, preferably with a background in the medical or health sciences, to join our project focusing on a systema…